Implicit Aging: Masked Age Primes Influence Effort-Related Cardiovascular Response in Young Adults

Zafeiriou, Athina; Gendolla, Guido H. E.

doi:10.1007/s40750-017-0074-z

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In easy and moderately difficult tasks, participants mobilized higher effort when they were exposed to briefly flashed sadness or fear primes than when they processed anger or happiness primes (e.g., Chatelain & Gendolla, 2015;Gendolla & Silvestrini, 2011;Lasauskaite, Gendolla, & Silvestrini, 2013;Silvestrini & Gendolla, 2011). Corresponding effects were recently found for the implicit activation of the aging vs. juvenility concept during cognitive performance (e.g., Zafeiriou & Gendolla, 2018). These findings support the predictions of the Implicit-Affect-Primes-Effort (IAPE) model (Gendolla, 2012(Gendolla, , 2015, which posits that implicitly processed affective stimuli influence the effort people mobilize during cognitive tasks via their impact on experienced task demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The Effect of Negative Implicit Affect, Prime Visibility, and Gender on Effort-Related Cardiac Response

Framorando

Gendolla

2018

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Objectives: Based on the Implicit-Affect-Primes-Affect (IAPE) model (Gendolla, 2012, 2015), we investigated the effect of affect primes' visibility on effort-related cardiac response. Methods: Participants worked on a cognitive "parity task" with integrated pictures of sad vs. angry faces that were briefly flashed (25 ms) vs. clearly visible (780 ms). We recorded cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) to assess effort mobilization. Results: As expected, PEP reactivity in the sadness-prime condition was stronger than in the anger-prime condition when the primes were briefly flashed, while the opposite pattern occurred when the affect primes were clearly visible. However, these effects only occurred for men, but not for women, as indicated by a significant prime x prime visibility x gender interaction. Conclusions: These findings provide new evidence for the role of prime visibility as a moderator of automatic effort mobilization-and suggest that this moderator effect applies especially to men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The Effect of Negative Implicit Affect, Prime Visibility, and Gender on Effort-Related Cardiac Response

Framorando

Gendolla

2018

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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“…Moreover, extending our research on implicit influences on effort mobilization, Silvestrini (2015) found that high monetary incentive also increased effort-related cardiovascular responses of participants who implicitly processed pain-related words vs. control words during a difficult cognitive task. Likewise, Zafeiriou and Gendolla (2017) found a corresponding effect of monetary incentive for implicitly processed aging (vs. youth) primes in a difficult task (see also Zafeiriou & Gendolla, 2018). Those studies extended the applicability of the IAPE model logic in that they reasoned that both pain and aging are associated with cognitive performance difficulties.…”

Section: The Role Of Success Incentivementioning

confidence: 87%

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Gendolla¹

2018

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This article reports findings from a program of research on the systematic influence of implicitly perceived facial expressions of emotions on effort mobilization in cognitive tasks. Recently published research on the implicit-affectprimes-effort (IAPE) model (Gendolla, 2012) has revealed replicated evidence for this effect: implicitly perceived facial expressions of sadness, anger, fear, and happiness influence effort-related cardiac response during cognitive performance. In further support of the IAPE model, those studies revealed that the effects of implicitly processed emotional expressions on effort mobilization differ systematically: Implicit fear and sadness expressions that are processed online during task performance render tasks subjectively more difficult, resulting in relatively high effort. Implicit happiness and anger expressions have the opposite effect. Moreover, objective task difficulty and incentive moderated the effect of implicit affect, and especially controlled processing of affect primes turned out to be a boundary condition.

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Prime warning moderates implicit affect primes’ effect on effort-related cardiac response in men

Framorando

Gendolla

2019

Biological Psychology

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Based on the Implicit-Affect-Primes-Effort model (Gendolla, 2012(Gendolla, , 2015, we tested whether warning individuals about the occurrence of affect primes during a cognitive task moderates the primes' effect on effort-related cardiac response. Participants worked on a challenging mental arithmetic task with integrated masked affect primes-very briefly flashed pictures of facial sadness vs. happiness expressions. Additionally, half of the participants were warned about the primes' appearance and their possible effect on experienced task demand; the other half of the participants was not informed about the primes. Reactivity of cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) was stronger in the happiness-prime than in the sadness-prime condition, but only when the participants were not warned about the primes' presence. This effect was further moderated by gender and only significant among men. Heart rate (HR) responses showed a largely corresponding effect. The results suggest that prime-warning is a boundary condition of implicit affects' effect on effort mobilization-and that this effect applies especially to men.

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Implicit Aging: Masked Age Primes Influence Effort-Related Cardiovascular Response in Young Adults

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

The Effect of Negative Implicit Affect, Prime Visibility, and Gender on Effort-Related Cardiac Response

The Effect of Negative Implicit Affect, Prime Visibility, and Gender on Effort-Related Cardiac Response

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Prime warning moderates implicit affect primes’ effect on effort-related cardiac response in men

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