Implicit and explicit attitudes in transportation research: A literature review

Tosi, Jeremías David; Haworth, Narelle; Díaz-Lázaro, Carlos M.; Poó, Fernando Martín; Ledesma, Rubén Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.12.014

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It is possible that the results of the analysis of the second research question will somehow complement the analysis of numerous studies from the review by Tosi and colleagues [15], in which it was shown that implicit and explicit attitudes in transportation research are weakly correlated, and that there is not enough information about conditions that moderate their relationship.…”

Section: Fig 2 Percentage Of the Participants With Measurement Results Of Implicit And Explicit Speeding Related Cognitions Before And Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that there are numerous studies of implicit attitudes in social psychology and its applied fields, as well as methods of measuring them, the field of traffic psychology remains underexplored. According to the review [15], research in this area is carried out in several directions: the role of implicit and explicit attitudes that determine the driver's behavior on the road; types of measurements associated with access to implicit attitude; the connection between implicit and explicit attitudes; malleability of implicit attitudes. For example, there are studies devoted to implicit evaluations about driving skills predicting driving performance [16], examination of different predictors of different risky driving behaviors in young drivers [17], study of attitudes towards the use of mobile phones [18], implicit non-self-report measure of attitudes to speeding: development and validation [19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of changing implicit attitudes was not revealed. Very brief advertisements were used that did not take into account that automatic associations are the result of slower learning processes [15]. Therefore, implicit cognitions must be resistant to short-term persuasive messages [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review by Tosi and colleagues [15] analyzed numerous studies that showed that implicit and explicit attitudes in transportation research are weakly correlated, and that there is insufficient information about the conditions that moderate their relationship. Therefore, the question of the effects of contextual factors on the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitudes is of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research in context effects of graded affective valence videos on results of measurements of implicit attitudes towards risky driving

Plotka

Blumenau

Igonin

et al. 2021

20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings

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The research aim is to study the context effects of graded affective valence videos on the results of measurements of implicit attitudes towards risky driving. The research is based on theoretical conceptualizations of explicit-implicit attitudes, discrepancy-consistency of their measurements presented in dual-process models of attitudes. Research questions: Have the results of measurements of implicit attitudes towards speeding using Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the results of measurements of explicit attitudes using self-reported procedures changed in response to context effects? What effect did the context factors have on results consistency of implicit and explicit measurements of attitudes towards speeding? Have the correlations between implicit and explicit attitudes towards speeding and personality traits changed in response to contextual effects? Participants: 66 drivers aged 20 to 67, Mdn = 40.5, driving experience 1-40 years, Mdn = 15. The procedure of specially designed Self-Concept IAT to measure implicit attitudes towards speeding, driver questionnaire to measure explicit attitudes towards speeding, Cross-cultural shortened form of ZKPQ-50-CC. Contexts were two videos with negative and positive emotional valence. During the first session, participants performed the IAT procedure, next completed the questionnaire. After that, the participants were divided into two groups; watching different content videos. Retest was conducted with one-week delay. Context effects led to a change in both implicit and explicit attitudes. The effect sizes of changes were typically small for implicit attitudes and medium for explicit ones. The context effect revealed a change in the correspondence of the measurement resultsthe appearance of inconsistency after the negative video and partial consistency-inconsistency after the positive video. Artificially created contextual events affected the system of correlation links between implicit and explicit attitudes towards speeding and personal traits.

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Section: Fig 2 Percentage Of the Participants With Measurement Results Of Implicit And Explicit Speeding Related Cognitions Before And Afmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Research in context effects of graded affective valence videos on results of measurements of implicit attitudes towards risky driving

Plotka

Blumenau

Igonin

et al. 2021

20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, implicit measures have been applied in the domain of traffic safety research (see [ 11 ] for a recent review). Because of their benefits over self-report measures, implicit measures seem to hold promise for application in real-world contexts within this domain [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the practical utility of implicit measures of beliefs for predicting drunk driving

2022

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Despite the potential benefits of implicit measures over self-report measures, they are rarely used in real-world contexts to predict behavior. Two potential reasons are that (a) traditional implicit measures typically show low predictive validity and (b) the practical utility of implicit measures has hardly been investigated. The current studies test the practical utility of a new generation of implicit measures for predicting drunk driving. Study 1 (N = 290) examined whether an implicit measure of beliefs about past drunk driving (i.e., the Past Driving Under the Influence Implicit Association Test; P-DUI-IAT) retrospectively predicts drunk driving in driving school students, a population for which this measure could have applied value. Study 1 also explored whether P-DUI-IAT scores prospectively predicted drunk driving over six months. Due to the low number of offenders, however, Study 1 had low statistical power to test this latter question. In Study 2 (N = 228), we therefore examined the utility of the P-DUI-IAT and a new variant of this test (i.e., the Acceptability of Driving Under the Influence Implicit Association Test; A-DUI-IAT) to prospectively predict drunk driving in an online sample with a high number of offenders. Results from Study 1 show that the P-DUI-IAT predicts self-rated past drunk driving behavior in driving school students (ORs = 3.11–6.12, ps < .043, 95% CIs = [1.11, 37.69]). Results from Study 1 do not show evidence for utility of the P-DUI-IAT to prospectively predict self-rated drunk driving. Results from Study 2, on the other hand, show strong evidence for the utility of both implicit measures to prospectively predict self-rated drunk driving (ORs = 3.80–5.82, ps < .002, 95% CIs = [1.72, 14.47]). Although further applied research is necessary, the current results could provide a first step towards the application of implicit measures in real-world contexts.

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