Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Rape are Associated With Sexual Aggression

Nunes, Kevin L.; Hermann, Chantal A.; Ratcliffe, Katie

doi:10.1177/0886260513487995

Cited by 51 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Do the semantic differential scales we used in the current study actually reflect attitudes and identification? Nevertheless, our semantic differential scales are undoubtedly an incomplete assessment of the constructs of interest and future research should examine other self-report measures as well as implicit measures (Bluemke & Zumbach, 2012;Eckhardt et al, 2012;Nunes, Hermann, & Ratcliffe, 2013;Polaschek et al, 2010;Robertson & Murachver, 2007;Snowden et al, 2004). Although the specific semantic differential scales we used in the current study have not been validated per se, the use of similar semantic differential scales is a widespread, long-standing, and validated approach to assessing key constructs in social-psychological research (e.g., Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006;Glasman & Albarracín, 2006;Hofmann et al, 2005;Osgood et al, 1957;Taylor, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking Clearly About Violent Cognitions

Nunes

Hermann

Maimone

et al. 2014

J Interpers Violence

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The purpose of the current study was to explore whether measures such as the Violence Scale of the Revised Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA-R-V) and the Criminal Attitudes to Violence Scale (CAVS) assess attitudes toward violence (i.e., evaluation of violence) and whether attitudes and the cognitions assessed by the MCAA-R-V and CAVS are independently associated with violent behavior. Participants (568 undergraduate students) completed the MCAA-R-V and the CAVS, as well as measures of evaluation of violence, evaluation of violent people, identification of self as violent, and past violent behavior. Exploratory factor analyses revealed that the MCAA-R-V and CAVS items formed correlated but distinct factors from the items of the evaluation of violence, evaluation of violent people, and identification of self as violent scales. Regression analyses indicated that evaluation of violence and identification of self as violent correlated with violent behavior independently of the MCAA-R-V and CAVS. Our results suggest that attitudes toward violence may be distinct from other cognitions often referred to as "attitudes" in the criminological

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking Clearly About Violent Cognitions

Nunes

Hermann

Maimone

et al. 2014

J Interpers Violence

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“…Further, although several studies have demonstrated the validity of the IAT (e.g. Eckhardt et al, 2012;Nunes, Hermann, & Ratcliffe, 2013), more studies are required to confirm its clinical and diagnostic usefulness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Implicit attitudes toward violence and their relation to psychopathy, aggression, and socially adaptive behaviors in forensic psychiatric inpatients

Zwets

Hornsveld

Muris

et al. 2015

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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In order to investigate the relation between implicit attitudes toward violence and different aspects of violent and social behavior in Dutch forensic psychiatric inpatients, an implicit association test was related to measures of psychopathy, aggression, and socially adaptive behaviors. Results indicated that all patients had negative implicit attitudes toward violence. Although implicit attitudes toward violence were unrelated to several self-report measures of aggression, there was a significant positive relation between these attitudes and the antisocial facet of psychopathy. Furthermore, it was found that implicit attitudes toward violence were significantly negatively associated with coping behaviors and the level of moral awareness, indicating that patients with more negative implicit attitudes toward violence more often reported these behaviors, which can be assumed to inhibit aggression. As the present study was only correlational in nature, our findings need to be further explored in prospective research.

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“…ROE Scale scores can range from -63 (indicating an extremely negative attitude towards rape) to +63 (indicating an extremely positive attitude towards rape). We have found that higher scores on both the evaluation and overall ROE Scale are associated with higher selfreported likelihood to rape (Nunes et al, 2011). RAPE Scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Competitive Disadvantage Makes Attitudes towards Rape Less Negative

Nunes

Pettersen

2011

Evol Psychol

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Evolutionary theorists have argued that perceived competitive disadvantage may lead to more positive evaluation of, and greater likelihood of engaging in, risky and antisocial behavior. However, experimental studies have not yet examined the effects of competitive disadvantage on perceptions of rape. In the current study, we created a manipulation of perceived competitive status to test its effects on beliefs about rape. In one condition, participants were made to feel disadvantaged relative to male peers in terms of financial, physical, and intellectual power, whereas in the other condition they were made to feel advantaged. Participants were 120 heterosexual male undergraduate students. The manipulation was effective; compared to participants in the advantage condition, those in the disadvantage condition rated themselves as significantly worse off financially, shorter, in worse physical shape, and as having lower course marks than the average male student at the university. Compared to perceived competitive advantage, perceived disadvantage led to less negative attitudes towards rape. However, perceived competitive status did not significantly affect justifications and excuses for rape. Future studies using similar experimental manipulations can complement correlational studies and may contribute to greater clarity, precision, and sophistication of research and theory on the role of competitive disadvantage in rape.

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Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Rape are Associated With Sexual Aggression

Cited by 51 publications

References 52 publications

Thinking Clearly About Violent Cognitions

Thinking Clearly About Violent Cognitions

Implicit attitudes toward violence and their relation to psychopathy, aggression, and socially adaptive behaviors in forensic psychiatric inpatients

Competitive Disadvantage Makes Attitudes towards Rape Less Negative

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