Implicit Bias and Its Relation to Health Disparities: A Teaching Program and Survey of Medical Students

González, Cristina M.; Kim, Mimi Y.; Marantz, Paul R.

doi:10.1080/10401334.2013.857341

Cited by 113 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In our prior study, students reported bias mitigation in their written reflections on service learning, so that bias needed to become explicit rather than remain implicit [8]. However, a course to learn about implicit bias still left 22% of medical students able to deny that implicit bias might affect some of their clinical decisions and behaviors [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fostering Empathy, Implicit Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in a Medical Humanities Course

Schwartz

Horst

Fisher

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Increases in compassionate behavior improve patient outcomes and reduce burnout among healthcare professionals. We predicted that selecting and performing service-learning projects by teams of prospective medical students in a Medical Humanities course would foster students’ compassion by raising their reflective capacity, empathy, and unconscious bias mitigation. In class, we discussed difficulties in communication and implicit bias. In this observational study, teams wrote individual and team critical reflections on these class discussions and their service-learning experiences, and we analyzed these reflections for dissonance, self-examination, bias mitigation, dissonance reconciliation, and compassionate behavior. Thirty-two students (53% female) completed the Reflective Practice Questionnaire and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy before the course in August 2019 and after it in December 2019. In December, students were surveyed concerning their attitudes toward team service-learning projects and unconscious bias. The students reported changes in their behavior to mitigate biases and become more compassionate, and their reflective capacity and empathy grew in association with discussions and team service-learning experiences in the course. Virtually all students agreed with the statement “Unconscious bias might affect some of my clinical decisions or behaviors as a healthcare professional,” and they worked to control such biases in interactions with the people they were serving.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fostering Empathy, Implicit Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in a Medical Humanities Course

Schwartz

Horst

Fisher

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Most existing educational proposals in a healthcare context have therefore focused on encouraging students to take the IAT test for themselves and subsequently to engage in small group discussions on the nature of implicit biases (Teal et al, 2010;Hernandez et al, 2012;Gonzalez et al, 2014). The authors of these programmes recognise the modest efficacy of these educational interventions.…”

Section: Existing Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prompted by recognition of these issues, some new educational interventions have been developed which aim to mitigate the effects of unconscious or implicit biases in healthcare provision (Teal et al, 2010;Stone and Moskowitz, 2011;Hernandez et al, 2012;Gonzalez et al, 2014). These proposals, although welcome, suffer from serious limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instilling new habits: addressing implicit bias in healthcare professionals

Byrne

Tanesini

2015

Adv in Health Sci Educ

101

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There appears to be a fundamental inconsistency between research which shows that some minority groups consistently receive lower quality healthcare and the literature indicating that healthcare workers appear to hold equality as a core personal value. Recent evidence using Implicit Association Tests suggests that these disparities in outcome may in part be due to social biases that are primarily unconscious. In some individuals the activation of these biases may be also facilitated by the high levels of cognitive load associated with clinical practice. However, a range of measures, such as counter-stereotypical stimuli and targeted experience with minority groups, have been identified as possible solutions in other fields and may be adapted for use within healthcare settings. We suggest that social bias should not be seen exclusively as a problem of conscious attitudes which need to be addressed through increased awareness. Instead the delivery of bias free healthcare should become a habit, developed through a continuous process of practice, feedback and reflection.

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“…Increasing patient‐perceived self‐efficacy in interacting with physicians could improve ethnic minority women's trust in providers and decrease psychological consequences. Additionally, requiring implicit bias training among providers is important as it teaches self‐awareness of biased attitudes and behaviors and strategies for engaging minority patients in a thoughtful, respectful manner …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative psychological consequences of breast cancer among recently diagnosed ethnically diverse women

et al. 2017

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Implicit Bias and Its Relation to Health Disparities: A Teaching Program and Survey of Medical Students

Cited by 113 publications

References 32 publications

Fostering Empathy, Implicit Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in a Medical Humanities Course

Fostering Empathy, Implicit Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in a Medical Humanities Course

Instilling new habits: addressing implicit bias in healthcare professionals

Negative psychological consequences of breast cancer among recently diagnosed ethnically diverse women

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