Implicit learning in psychotic patients

Implicit and explicit learning in schizophrenics treated with olanzapine and with classic neuroleptics

“…Using a gambling task, Wilder et al (1998) reported that medicated schizophrenic patients are not impaired with respect to implicit rule learning; however, the schizophrenic pa-303 Significance is denoted as * for differences between the classic NL and OLA group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01) and as + for differences between classic NL and control group ( + P<0.05, ++ P<0.01) tients earned much less money than controls in the game, and non-rejection of the null hypothesis may have been due to a small sample size (n=6). In other paradigms of implicit learning, for example word stem completion and lexical decision, schizophrenics were not impaired or even showed facilitated (semantic) priming (Heinrichs and Bury 1991;Schmand et al 1992;Clare et al 1993). Classic NL reduce motor speed, which fact may impede straightforward interpretation of RT data.…”

Bilingualism and neuropsychiatric disorders

“…Similarly, psychotic patients are reported not to be impaired on implicit verbal learning (irrespective of dosage of neuroleptics, anticholinergics, and benzodiapines) but significantly impaired in explicit learning (which does correlate at least with benzodiapines (Schmand, Kop, Kuipers, & Bosveld, 1992).…”

Heterogeneity in cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients evaluated by a lexical decision task

“…Ober et al (1995) and Vinogradov et al (1992) used pronunciation tasks, which found that schizophrenic patients, including those with thought disorder, exhibited normal priming effects. Schmand et al (1992) and Schwartz et al (1993) observed semantic priming effects in schizophrenic patients during implicit memory tasks that involve automatic processes. These results are in contrast with the abnormalities frequently observed in schizophrenic patients in memory tasks involving explicit memory (Koh et al 1973 ;Koh, 1978 ;Calev, 1984 ;Goldberg et al 1989).…”