Implicit Racial Attitudes Influence Perceived Emotional Intensity on Other-Race Faces

Wang, Qiandong; Chen, Guowei; Wang, Zhaoquan; Hu, Chao S.; Hu, Xiaoqing; Fu, Guosheng

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105946

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This finding of a larger happy categorisation advantage for own-race male faces amongst other-race male faces than among own-race or otherrace female faces suggests that on average Chinese participants, like Caucasian participants, evaluate members of their own racial group as more positive than members of other racial groups. These results are consistent with past findings using other methods (Wang et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2009) and inconsistent with previous studies that have found no ownrace preference in Chinese participants (Ma-Kellams, Spencer-Rodgers, & Peng, 2011). The finding of a smaller happy categorisation advantage for own-race male faces amongst female faces is consistent with results reported by Wu et al (2015) and suggests that Chinese participants, like Caucasian participants, evaluate females as more positive than males, regardless of their racial group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Caucasian participants also tend to implicitly evaluate Caucasian faces as more positive than both African American faces (Degner & Wentura, 2010;Greenwald et al, 1998;Ottaway, Hayden, & Oakes, 2001) and Asian faces (Gawronski, 2002). Chinese participants tend to show an implicit positivity bias for Chinese over Caucasian faces (Wang, Chen, Wang, Hu, Hu, & Fu, 2014). In a similar vein, the intergroup empathy bias, where neural indicators of empathic pain are more strongly activated in response to own-than other-race members experiencing pain, has been observed in both Caucasian and Chinese participants (Xu, Zuo, Wang, & Han, 2009).…”

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confidence: 84%

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Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants

Craig

Lipp

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The magnitude of the happy categorisation advantage, the faster recognition of happiness than negative expressions, is influenced by facial race and sex cues. Previous studies have investigated these relationships using racial outgroups stereotypically associated with physical threat in predominantly Caucasian samples. To determine whether these influences generalise to stimuli representing other ethnic groups and to participants of different ethnicities, Caucasian Australian (Experiments 1 and 2) and Chinese participants (Experiment 2) categorised happy and angry expressions displayed on own-race male faces presented with emotional other-race male, own-race female, and other-race female faces in separate tasks. The influence of social category cues on the happy categorisation advantage was similar in the Australian and Chinese samples. In both samples, the happy categorisation advantage was present for own-race male faces when they were encountered with other-race male faces but reduced when own-race male faces were categorised along with female faces. The happy categorisation advantage was present for own-race and other-race female faces when they were encountered with own-race male faces in both samples. Results suggest similarity in the influence of social category cues on emotion categorisation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants

Craig

Lipp

2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…It has also been reported that perceptual judgments of facial emotional intensity in humans is susceptible to implicit racial biases 43 . Further, a recent study has demonstrated that the facial features that one learns over time influences how faces are evaluated socially 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual effects of fast and automatic visual ensemble statistics from faces in individuals with typical development and autism spectrum conditions

Chakrabarty

Wada

2020

Sci Rep

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We investigated whether covert ensembles of high-(emotion), and low-level (brightness) visual information, extracted from peripheral faces (presentation/encoding:200 ms), unintentionally influences perception of a central target face stimulus in individuals typically developing (TD) and with autism spectrum condition (ASC). Graded alterations in the summary intensities of the emotion and brightness of the peripheral stimuli modulated the perceptions of the target face in both TD and ASC. In contrast, when we measured goal-directed (overt) ensemble face-emotion and brightness perception, we found that in half of ASC the overt ensemble emotion perception was impaired than TD. Additionally, we repeated both experiments with a backward visual mask to restrict not just encoding but also background processing in the visual system to 200 ms. This revealed that the effect of peripheral ensembles on centre perception was present only with brightness at least in TD but of overt ensembles was evident with both emotion and brightness in TD and ASC alike. These results suggest that while ensemble statistics of low-level information derived automatically and rapidly (200 ms) from contextualized faces are used for target face perception, the same takes longer with high-level information. However, overt facial ensembles are rapidly processed in both TD and ASC.Humans can efficiently extract summary statistics (e.g. mean, variance, range) from groups of visual entities, also known as 'ensemble representation' 1 . This summarizing has not only been reported across simple objects and low-level visual features, such as size 2,3 , orientation 4,5 , brightness 6 , and colour 7 , but also higher-level visual features, such as facial-identity 8,9 , gender 10 , attractiveness 11 , and emotion 10,12 . Forming ensemble representation across a plethora of visual information allows the brain to statistically summarize related and relevant information into meaningful percepts that can efficiently guide behaviour and is generally accepted as a 'global representation' 1 . However, if and to what extent the ensemble (global) representation computed from parts of an image influences the perception of a given target (local visual target of interest) within that image has been less explored to date.Some human studies have demonstrated that the above phenomenon operates with various low-to mid-level features and objects as visual stimuli. Memory of features of an object (e.g. colour) was reported to be influenced by spatial context 13 , while remembered size of individual circles was biased by the mean of other circles 14 . Likewise, spatial frequencies of gabor-patches were biased by the previously presented patches 15 . Influence on visual short-term memory of shape, orientation, and colour of objects was found by manipulating the respective features of the non-target object sets in a change detection task 16 . More recently, this phenomenon was also reported with high-level visual stimuli, such as faces which were perceived as more attractive in ...

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“…Wang and colleagues provided an analysis of the relationship between implicit bias and perception of out-group face emotionality (Wang et al, 2014). The study recruited 40 Chinese undergraduate students to participate in an IAT that included Chinese and White faces.…”

Section: Perception and Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striving While Accepting: Exploring the Relationship Between Identity and Implicit Bias Recognition and Management

et al. 2018

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Implicit Racial Attitudes Influence Perceived Emotional Intensity on Other-Race Faces

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants

Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants

Perceptual effects of fast and automatic visual ensemble statistics from faces in individuals with typical development and autism spectrum conditions

Striving While Accepting: Exploring the Relationship Between Identity and Implicit Bias Recognition and Management

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