Implicit theories about groups and stereotyping: The role of group entitativity

Rydell, Robert W.; Hugenberg, Kurt; Ray, Devin G.; Mackie, Diane M.

doi:10.1037/e633982013-673

Cited by 48 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…This, in turn, contributes to higher use and endorsement of group stereotypes (Hong et al, 2004;Levy, Stroessner, & Dweck, 1998;Plaks, Grant, & Dweck, 2005;Rydell, Hugenberg, Ray, & Mackie, 2007). More germane to the present studies, the entityincremental dimension has been found to predict degree of selfstereotyping.…”

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confidence: 44%

“…Previous work has demonstrated that entity versus incremental endorsement may be measured at the domain-specific level (e.g., the belief that a specific trait or ability-such as intelligence, moral character, or athletic ability-is fixed vs. malleable) or at the general level (i.e., the belief that, overall, people's personalities are fixed vs. malleable) by using different versions of the ITM (e.g., Dweck, 1999;Heslin, Latham, & Vanderwalle, 2005;Kammrath & Peetz, 2012). In many (though not all) cases, the domain-general and domain-specific versions predict behavior equivalently (e.g., Cury, Elliot, Da Fonseca, & Möller, 2006;Plaks, Stroessner, Dweck, & Sherman, 2001;Rydell et al 2007). In Study 2, we measured participants' entity-incremental beliefs at the general level.…”

Section: Domain-specifîc Versus Domain-general Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Entity versus incremental theories predict older adults’ memory performance.

Plaks¹,

Chasteen²

2013

Psychology and Aging

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The authors examined whether older adults' implicit theories regarding the modifiability of memory in particular (Studies 1 and 3) and abilities in general (Study 2) would predict memory performance. In Study 1, individual differences in older adults' endorsement of the "entity theory" (a belief that one's ability is fixed) or "incremental theory" (a belief that one's ability is malleable) of memory were measured using a version of the Implicit Theories Measure (Dweck, 1999). Memory performance was assessed with a free-recall task. Results indicated that the higher the endorsement of the incremental theory, the better the free recall. In Study 2, older and younger adults' theories were measured using a more general version of the Implicit Theories Measure that focused on the modifiability of abilities in general. Again, for older adults, the higher the incremental endorsement, the better the free recall. Moreover, as predicted, implicit theories did not predict younger adults' memory performance. In Study 3, participants read mock news articles reporting evidence in favor of either the entity or incremental theory. Those in the incremental condition outperformed those in the entity condition on reading span and free-recall tasks. These effects were mediated by pretask worry such that, for those in the entity condition, higher worry was associated with lower performance. Taken together, these studies suggest that variation in entity versus incremental endorsement represents a key predictor of older adults' memory performance.

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confidence: 44%

Section: Domain-specifîc Versus Domain-general Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Entity versus incremental theories predict older adults’ memory performance.

Plaks¹,

Chasteen²

2013

Psychology and Aging

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“…These perceptions include whether people make internal versus external attributions for specific negative behaviors of the outgroup (Heider, 1958) and the kind of implicit theories they hold about the malleability of groups in general (Rydell, Hugenberg, Ray, & Mackie, 2007). Preliminary results of a recent study indicate that those who attribute the objectionable behavior of the outgroup to immutable characteristics of the group are more likely to react destructively, while those who attribute outgroup behavior to contextual factors are more likely to respond constructively (Halperin, Russell et al, in press; Halperin, Sharvit et al, in press).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The positive effect of negative emotions in protracted conflict: The case of anger

Tagar

Federico

Halperin

2011

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

101

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“…The implicit theory of ability approach has been applied to motivation and behavior in an array of domains including academics (see Dweck 2000), individual and group stereotyping (Levy et al 1998;Rydell et al 2007), athletics (Ommundsen 2003), relationships (e.g., Finkel et al 2007;Franiuk et al 2002;Knee 1998), and leadership and negotiation Kray and Haselhuhn 2007). Across domains when difficulties arise, entity theorists, relative to incremental theorists, are especially prone to adopting maladaptive motivational strategies such as helpless coping and disengagement from their goals.…”

Section: Implicit Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Against the odds: academic underdogs benefit from incremental theories

et al. 2010

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An implicit theory of ability approach to motivation argues that students who believe traits to be malleable (incremental theorists), relative to those who believe traits to be fixed (entity theorists), cope more effectively when academic challenges arise. In the current work, we integrated the implicit theory literature with research on top dog and underdog status to predict self-efficacy in an academic context. To examine our predictions, we assessed college students' (N = 165) implicit theories of mathematical ability and manipulated their underdog versus top dog status in a math competition. We hypothesized that holding an incremental (vs. entity) theory would interact with competition status (underdog vs. top dog) to predict mathematical self-efficacy. When in an underdog position, incremental (vs. entity) theories boosted students' mathematical self-efficacy. Moreover, a mediated moderation model revealed that the experience of less helplessness accounted for greater self-efficacy in mathematical ability among academic underdogs with incremental (vs. entity) theories. Implications for teaching practices are discussed.

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Implicit theories about groups and stereotyping: The role of group entitativity

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Entity versus incremental theories predict older adults’ memory performance.

Entity versus incremental theories predict older adults’ memory performance.

The positive effect of negative emotions in protracted conflict: The case of anger

Against the odds: academic underdogs benefit from incremental theories

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