“…Despite the value relevance of analysts’ forecasts, prior research has also shown that stock price reactions to earnings announcements are stronger than the response to analysts’ forecast revisions (Bartov et al , 2002; Esterer and Schröder, 2014). Consistent with the notion that earnings figures are important to investors (Ammer and Ahmad-Zaluki, 2017; Hlel et al , 2019), recent research shows that firms actively manage their earnings (or analysts’ expectations) to MBE forecast consensus (Bartov et al , 2002; Kim and Song, 2015; Masumoto, 2002; Zhang et al , 2018).…”