“…Some scholars have also found that the links of global oil trade networks show a gradual shrinking trend, natural gas trade networks show a trend of first tightening and then decreasing ties, oil trade networks are more resilient to deliberate attacks than natural gas, and natural gas trade networks are more resilient to random attacks than oil. For example, Shahnazi et al (2022) [22] found that China, Belarus, the United States, India, Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, Germany, Canada, Spain, and Italy are highly unstable while playing a significant role in the network, thereby reducing the resilience of the importers' network. In addition, Saudi Arabia, Russian Federation, Iraq, Canada, Nigeria, Kuwait, Venezuela, Iran, Mexico, and Kazakhstan reduce the global oil trading network's resilience in exports.…”