Importance and economic significance of the Acremonium endophytes to performance of animals and grass plant

Hoveland, C. S.

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(93)90036-o

Cited by 282 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Losses as a result of ergot alkaloid poisoning are significant and a major cost to the global agricultural industry (29). The effects of ergot alkaloid poisoning are attributed mainly to the ergopeptine end product, ergovaline (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex Ergovaline Gene Cluster in Epichloë Endophytes of Grasses

Fleetwood

Scott

Lane

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

128

132

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Clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes of the genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium form symbioses with grasses of the subfamily Pooideae, in which they can synthesize an array of bioprotective alkaloids. Some strains produce the ergopeptine alkaloid ergovaline, which is implicated in livestock toxicoses caused by ingestion of endophyteinfected grasses. Cloning and analysis of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene from Neotyphodium lolii revealed a putative gene cluster for ergovaline biosynthesis containing a single-module NRPS gene, lpsB, and other genes orthologous to genes in the ergopeptine gene cluster of Claviceps purpurea and the clavine cluster of Aspergillus fumigatus. Despite conservation of gene sequence, gene order is substantially different between the N. lolii, C. purpurea, and A. fumigatus ergot alkaloid gene clusters. Southern analysis indicated that the N. lolii cluster was linked with previously identified ergovaline biosynthetic genes dmaW and lpsA. The ergovaline genes are closely associated with transposon relics, including retrotransposons and autonomous and nonautonomous DNA transposons. All genes in the cluster were highly expressed in planta, but expression was very low or undetectable in mycelia from axenic culture. This work provides a genetic foundation for elucidating biochemical steps in the ergovaline pathway, the ecological role of individual ergot alkaloid compounds, and the regulation of their synthesis in planta.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex Ergovaline Gene Cluster in Epichloë Endophytes of Grasses

Fleetwood

Scott

Lane

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

128

132

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“…This grass was superior forage to native flora, but it was soon noticed that the expected livestock productiveness was not being met. An associated complex of symptoms episodically suffered by grazing livestock was termed 'tall fescue toxicosis' and consequently led to considerable economic losses to the US beef industry (Hoveland 1993;Thompson and Stuedeman 1993). Simultaneously, the livestock grazing on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pastures in New Zealand was afflicted by 'ryegrass staggers' (Gallagher et al 1984;Bush et al 1997).…”

Section: Agricultural Aspects: Endophytic Insecticides Vs Tremorgenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Staniek

Woerdenbag

Kayser

2008

Journal of Plant Interactions

132

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Endophytes, microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of all plant species, create a huge biodiversity with yet unknown novel natural products, presumed to push forward the frontiers of drug discovery. Next to the clinically acknowledged antineoplastic agent, paclitaxel, endophyte research has yielded potential drug lead compounds with antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, insulin mimetic, anti-neurodegenerative and immunosuppressant properties. Furthermore, while being implicated in livestock neurotoxicosis, some endophyte-produced alkaloids have been shown to display insecticidal activity. The endophyte-host relationship is postulated to be a 'balanced antagonism'. Moreover, the plausibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) hypothesis is taken into account. Knowledge of the genetic background of endophytic natural product biosynthesis is discussed on the basis of loline alkaloids, ergopeptines, lolitrems and maytansinoids. The current dynamic progress in genomics will contribute to a better understanding of endophytic microbes and to further exploiting them as a source of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

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“…The economic impact of grazing endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue upon the beef industry has been estimated to exceed $700 million per annum (Hoveland 1990). Further economic impacts occur upon the horse and sheep industry.…”

Section: Tall Fescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Journal of Range Management, Volume 54, Number 4 (July 2001)

2001

REM

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The objectives of this Colorado study were to assess primary reasons ranchers choose to stay or sell the ranch, compare the motivations for ranching between a traditional agriculturally based county and a rapidly developing county, and assess whether factors such as length of tenure, fiscal dependency on ranching, and dependency on public lands play roles in decisions to sell. Personal interviews were conducted with 37 ranchers. While land use conversion occurs for a wide variety of reasons, lack of heirs and detrimental public policy were important reasons given for selling ranches. Responses showed Routt County (a rapidly developing county) ranchers were more likely to sell due to land use conversion related issues than Moffat County ranchers (p = 0.056). Ranchers with a longer legacy on their land reported that profitability, having likely heirs, and continuing tradition enhanced their reasons to stay. Groups more "at risk" of selling were non-homesteading ranchers close to retirement, larger ranches, and ranchers dependent on ranching for income with declining profits. Large ranch owners experiencing land use conflicts with non-ranchers and ranchers modestly dependent on public forage experiencing changes in public policy regulations and land use conflicts also indicated a higher proclivity to sell. Noting how groups of ranchers are impacted by different changes can help refine community efforts related to land use conversion and create more thoughtful policy measures.

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Importance and economic significance of the Acremonium endophytes to performance of animals and grass plant

Cited by 282 publications

References 23 publications

A Complex Ergovaline Gene Cluster in Epichloë Endophytes of Grasses

A Complex Ergovaline Gene Cluster in Epichloë Endophytes of Grasses

Endophytes: exploiting biodiversity for the improvement of natural product-based drug discovery

Journal of Range Management, Volume 54, Number 4 (July 2001)

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