Importance and Effect of Nitrogen on Crop Quality and Health

Blumenthal, Jürg M.; Baltensperger, David D.; Cassman, Kenneth G.; Mason, Stephen; Pavlišta, Alexander D.

doi:10.1016/b978-044450486-9/50005-4

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The results indicated that for sandy soil a N rate around 175 kg ha -1 was required to achieve optimum yield, and this N rate should be split 50%-50% between planting and hilling to cover most of the climatic conditions met. However, the two sites frequently differed in terms of other potato production parameters including tuber size and specific gravity which are important parameters in determining tuber processing quality (Blumenthal et al 2001). These differences may be sufficiently large to justify different potato management practices (e.g., nutrient management, seedpiece spacing) to optimize potato production for the chip processing market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay

Cambouris¹,

Zebarth²,

Nolin³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Cambouris, A. N., Zebarth, B. J., Nolin, M. C. and Laverdière, M. R. 2007. Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 829-839. This study evaluated the effect of rate and timing of N fertilizer application on tuber yield, tuber size distribution and tuber specific gravity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in two sites in a commercial field in 1999-2001. One trial was established at each of the two sites chosen to represent two management zones (MZ) previously delineated by soil electrical conductivity, and differing in soil water availability, as controlled by depth to a clayey substratum. Each trial had 21 treatments including five rates of ammonium nitrate (0-200 kg N ha -1 in 1999; 0-240 kg N ha -1 in 2000 and 2001), each applied according to five application timings (100, 75, 50, 25 or 0% of N applied at planting with the remainder applied at hilling). Increasing N rate increased total and marketable tuber yields in both sites. The N rates required to optimize economic return ranged from 167 to 239 kg ha -1 among years and between sites. Nitrogen fertilizer applied all at planting or all at hilling decreased tuber yields in both sites compared with split N application. The percentage of N rate applied at planting to achieve the maximum marketable tuber yield varied among years from 34 to 61% and allowed a yield increase of 2 to 20%. The proportion of large tubers was higher in the site with a greater depth to the clayey substratum (DMZ site) than in the site with a shallower depth to the clayey substratum (SMZ site). Tuber yield and tuber N uptake were higher in the SMZ site than in the DMZ site when no fertilizer N was applied, and tuber yield was more responsive to fertilizer N rate in the DMZ site than in the SMZ site in one year; however, these differences are not sufficient to justify different fertilizer N management for the two sites. The two sites frequently differed in terms of tuber yield, tuber size and specific gravity, which are important parameters in determining tuber processing quality but the optimal N rate and N timing were similar. These differences may be sufficiently large to justify different potato management practices (e.g., nutrient management, seedpiece spacing) to optimize potato production for the chip processing market. , chacune appliquée selon cinq modes de fractionnement (100, 75, 50, 25 ou 0% de N appliqué à la plantation et le reste au buttage). L'augmentation de la dose de N augmentait le rendement total et commercialisable dans les deux sites. La dose de N requise pour optimiser le retour économique est étendue de 167 à 239 kg N ha -1 dépendamment de l'année et des sites. L'application de la totalité des fertilisants azotés à la plantation ou au buttage diminue les rendements en tubercules dans les deux sites comparée avec une application fractionnée. Le pourcentage de la dose de N appliqué à la plantation pour attendre le rendement commercialisable maximum varie de 34 à 61% dépendamment de l'ann...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay

Cambouris¹,

Zebarth²,

Nolin³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Nitrogen (N) management in maize production system is one of the main concerns since it is the most important and primary nutrient for growth and development of the 2 International Journal of Agronomy crop [7]. Hence, application of fertilizer N resulting in higher biomass is commonly increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen Rates and Time of Application on Yield of Maize: Rainfall Variability Influenced Time of N Application

Abebe

Feyisa

2017

International Journal of Agronomy

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Despite the fact that maize productivity is relatively better than other major cereal crops, its current productivity is still far below its potential productivity. N rate and time of application are among the major abiotic factors limiting the productivity of the crop. Because of such gaps, the experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons to determine optimum N rate and time of application. Four levels of N rates (46, 69, 92, and 115 N kg ha −1 ) and four levels ( 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 ) of different time of N application were arranged in factorial combinations. Moreover, previously recommended N and the control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In 2013, the highest significant biomass yield (21.2 tha −1 ) was obtained at 115 N kg ha −1 and 4 followed by 69 N kg ha −1 at 1 and 2 and 92 N kg ha −1 at 2 . In contrast, the highest grain yield in 2013 was obtained at 92 N kg ha −1 at 2 followed by 115 N kg ha −1 at either 2 or 4 and 69 N kg ha −1 at either 1 or 3 application time. Interestingly, a significant yield increase by 37% was obtained when 92 N kg ha −1 at the time of 2 was applied compared to previous recommended 110 N kg ha −1 rate and time of application. In 2014, however, the highest yield was recorded when 92 N kg ha −1 at 1 was used. Application of 46 N kg ha −1 at 2 showed statistically similar yield performance when compared with previous N recommendation. The lowest yield was recorded from the control plot in both years. In 2013, the maximum net profit and acceptable marginal rate of return (MMR) were obtained when 92 N kg ha −1 at 2 was used for maize production during erratic and heavy rainfall distribution, particularly at a time of N application. However, the maximum net benefit (30743 ETB ha −1 ) and acceptable MRR could be obtained when 92 N kg ha −1 at 1 was used if the rainfall amount and distribution are relatively uniform. In conclusion, application of 92 N kg ha −1 at 1 (10-15 DAP and 35-40 DAP) is the best N rate and time of application in good rainy seasons and hence recommended for the end users. However, in the case of erratic and heavy rainy seasons, application of 92 N kg ha −1 at three times application regimes (1/3 N at 10-15 days after planting (DAP), 1/3 N at 35-40 DAP and 55-60 DAP) should be used to get maximum profit and acceptable MRR.

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“…More than 100 million Mt of N year −1 of reactive N is industrially produced by the Haber-Bosch process using fossil Nitrogen promotes digestion and increases vegetative growth, the number of heads per plant and the dimension of the spike, the weight of the kernels and the protein content [24].…”

Section: Nitrogen Consumption For Wheat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Nitrogen in Durum Wheat in the Mediterranean Climate: The Agronomical Aspect and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

Tedone¹,

Ali²,

Mastro³

2018

Nitrogen in Agriculture - Updates

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Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is the most cultivated cereal crop in the Mediterranean basin, traditionally grown under rainfed conditions using conventional tillage. Agronomical practices, soil type and climate variables are known to influence crop productivity. Their interaction effect is very complex and the time in which they occur strongly affects yield and quality. The nitrogen supply, in combination with climatic conditions, is the main constraint determining the physiological performance, grain yield and quality response of wheat. In addition, the N formulation, fertilizer management, crop sequence, seasonal trends, and the supply of residual and mineralized N influence the response of wheat to N fertilizer. N fertilizer management must be optimized to prevent N deficiency in the critical crop growth period, to avoid yield and quality losses and also prevent the excessive application of N fertilizer, thus reducing the environmental impact. The split application of N fertilizer is a promising strategy that satisfies plant needs and reduces N losses through improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Such a strategy can result in a remarkable reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the carbon footprint of Italian durum wheat, considering that the highest proportion of the total emissions deriving from N fertilizer production and its application.

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Importance and Effect of Nitrogen on Crop Quality and Health

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay

Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay

Effects of Nitrogen Rates and Time of Application on Yield of Maize: Rainfall Variability Influenced Time of N Application

Optimization of Nitrogen in Durum Wheat in the Mediterranean Climate: The Agronomical Aspect and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

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