Importance of Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall in Somatic Embryogenesis

Šamaj, Jozef; Bobák, M.; Blehová, Alžbeta; Preťová, A.

doi:10.1007/7089_024

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A comparison of our results with those obtained in Triticum 6 and Zea 3 supports Šamaj et al, 3 assumption that regulation of pectin localization within the ECM differs between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Additionally, we identified a callose component in morphogenic callus. Deposition of polysaccharides around embryogenic cells has been suggested by Šamaj et al, 3 as an early structural marker for these cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…1 Šamaj et al, 2,3 reported, that the ECMSN plays an important morphoregulatory role during somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, implying an active role in plant morphogenesis. According to Bobák et al, 4 the chemical composition and structural arrangement of the ECMSN on the cell surface indicate that it may play a fundamental role in cell-to-cell recognition and interaction, cell division and differentiation, and also in generation and maintenance of some traits in plant cell populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are extracellular matrix surface network components involved in signalling and protective function?

Popielarska-Konieczna

Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno²,

Swierczynska³

et al. 2008

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Endosperm is an interesting model for in vitro experiments, because of its unique origin, development and ploidy level. Here we used Actinidia deliciosa endosperm-derived callus to investigate morphology, histology and chemistry of extracellular matrix (ECM) structures in morphogenically stable tissue from long-term culture. SEM and TEM analysis showed that ECM is a heterogenous layer which consists of amorphous, dark-staining material, osmiophilic granules and reticulated fibres outside the outer callus cell wall. This structure may serve as a structural marker of morphogenic competence in endosperm-derived callus, because of its presence on the surface of callus forming morphogenic domains and its disappearance during organ growth. Based on immunolabelling, histochemistry, solvent and enzyme treatments, we suggest that pectins and lipids are components of the ECM layer. These results might indicate protective, water retention and/or cell communication functions for this ECM layer.In several plants cultured in vitro, SEM analysis revealed that induction of morphogenesis is linked to the appearance of a fibrillar network referred to as the extracellular matrix surface network (ECMSN). 1 Šamaj et al., 2,3 reported, that the ECMSN plays an important morphoregulatory role during somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, implying an active role in plant morphogenesis. According to Bobák et al., 4 the chemical composition and structural arrangement of the ECMSN on the cell surface indicate that it may play a fundamental role in cell-to-cell recognition and interaction, cell division and differentiation, and also in generation and maintenance of some traits in plant cell populations. There is not a large body of data confirming the occurrence of ECM during in vitro organogenesis. 5,6 Most data concern the formation, structure and chemical composition and function of ECM in somatic and androgenic embryogenesis (reviewed in refs. 6-10). In previous histological and SEM analysis of morphogenic endosperm-derived callus of A. deliciosa, we described the presence of a membranous layer covering the callus surface, which we termed extracellular matrix (ECM). 11 The present experiments employed SEM, TEM and histochemical analysis to study the structure and composition of material coating the callus surface.SEM revealed the presence of heterogeneous material covering the callus surface. A smooth membranous layer coated some parts of the callus surface (Fig. 1A), while other regions were covered by fibrillar structures and granules of mucilage-like secretion forming a network at site of cell-cell adhesion. Similar structures were observed during in vitro induction of somatic embryogenesis, androgenesis and organogenesis in different species (reviewed in refs. 7-13).TEM showed a layer composed of amorphous material with fibrillar and spherical components covering morphogenic cell clusters. The cell wall of non-embryogenic and senescent cells was also covered with ECM, but it differed in appearance: the layer was granular, with amo...

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supporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are extracellular matrix surface network components involved in signalling and protective function?

Popielarska-Konieczna

Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno²,

Swierczynska³

et al. 2008

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…A similar heterogeneous ECMSN was reported in oilseed rape where osmiophilic granules were associated with fibers extending from the outer cell wall of embryogenic callus cells [29]. ECMSN was primarily linked to the acquisition of embryogenic competence [8,30] and in several species can serve as an early structural marker of somatic embryogenesis [29,31,32]. The presence of extracellular material also accompanied the induction of organogenesis [12,33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Extracellular matrix surface network is associated with non-morphogenic calli of Helianthus tuberosus cv. Albik produced from various explants

Pilarska

Popielarska-Konieczna

Ślesak

et al. 2014

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Helianthus tuberosus is economically important species. To improve characters of this energetic plant via genetic modification, production of callus tissue and plant regeneration are the first steps. A new, potentially energetic cultivar Albik was used in this study to test callus induction and regeneration. Callus was produced on leaves, petioles, apical meristems and stems from field-harvested plants but was totally non-morphogenic. Its induction started in the cortex and vascular bundles as confirmed by histological analysis. The surface of heterogeneous callus was partially covered with a membranous extracellular matrix surface network visible in scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The results clearly indicate that: (i) the morphogenic capacity of callus in topinambur is genotype dependent, (ii) cv. Albik of H. tuberosus proved recalcitrant in in vitro regeneration, and (iii) extracellular matrix surface network is not a morphogenic marker in this cultivar.

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“…A structural subcellular marker such as ECM was found to be a characteristic feature for embryogenic tissues [1][2][3][4]. The ECMSN plays an important morphoregulatory role during somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, implying an active role in plant morphogenesis [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of native early embryogenic tissue of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by ESEM

2015

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Environmental scanning electron microscopy enables the investigation of uncoated pine early embryogenic tissue samples in situ. The samples were examined under low vacuum conditions (air pressure 550 Pa) at a temperature of around -18°C by the AQUASEM II noncommercial environmental scanning electron microscope. The native extracellular matrix surface network was imaged by the environmental scanning electron microscope and in dark field mode of the optical microscope too. The backscattered electron detector disclosed brightness loci in the cells of early embryogenic culture. This work shows images of native pine embryogenic tissues. The continuity of extracellular matrix with structural integrity of plant organism is discussed.

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Importance of Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall in Somatic Embryogenesis

Cited by 28 publications

References 75 publications

Are extracellular matrix surface network components involved in signalling and protective function?

Are extracellular matrix surface network components involved in signalling and protective function?

Extracellular matrix surface network is associated with non-morphogenic calli of Helianthus tuberosus cv. Albik produced from various explants

Imaging of native early embryogenic tissue of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by ESEM

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