Importance of Developing Photovoltaics-Powered Vehicles

Yamaguchi, Masafumi; Masuda, Taizo; Nakado, Takashi; Zushi, Yusuke; Araki, Kiyomichi; Takamoto, Tatsuya; Okumura, Ko; Satou, Akinori; Yamada, Kazumi; Ota, Yasuyuki; Nishioka, Kensuke; Tanimoto, Tsutomu; Nakamura, Kyotaro; Ozaki, Ryo; Kojima, Nobuaki; Ohshita, Yoshio

doi:10.4236/epe.2021.135010

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This comprises autonomy enhancement, electric vehicle deployment, energy saving, economic gain, and CO 2 emission reduction. [525][526][527][528] An extensive overview of the state-of-the-art, recent trends, expected benefits, and perspectives of vehicle-integrated PV (VIPV) is provided in the recent report of the International Energy Agency. [35] As illustrated in Figure 15c, the integration of PV modules in vehicles can be realized on different levels such as 1) roof, 2) engine hood, 3) car sides, and 4) transparent windows.…”

Section: Vehicle-integrated Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Meddeb

Götz‐Köhler

Neugebohrn

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, to enable a steady mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, which are causing the planetary climate change and global warming. [5][6][7] Additionally, due to the economic development and the worldwide urbanization, a continuous rise of the global energy consumption across all key sectors, that is, power, heating, industry, and transport is occurring. This is expressed by an increase in the annual global electricity demand by 4.5% in 2021 corresponding to additional 1000 TWh. [4] Hence, strict criteria for the selection of competitive and abundant energy alternatives are imposed, requiring high yield at affordable prices. [8] The share of total renewables power generation excluding hydropower exceeded 3000 TWh in 2020, corresponding to almost 12% of the global electricity generation. [3] Considering an effective synergy between various sustainable energy candidates, solar photovoltaics (PV) have demonstrated great capabilities that can satisfy the requirements in the pathway towards 100% renewable electricity. [9][10][11][12] Owing to the research and development activities over the last decades, the power conversion efficiencies of solar cells (SC) have skyrocketed with a prolonged operation lifetime (>15 years) and a drastic plummeting in manufacturing costs (global average module selling price below $0.25 per W). [6,[13][14][15] The rapid universal deployment of PV resulted in a contribution of about 3.4% in the worldwide electricity generation in 2020. [3] Presently, the global installed PV capacity is approaching 1 TW and it is envisioned to reach ≈10 TW by 2030 and 30 to 70 TW by 2050. [16] Interestingly, along with massive electricity production using conventional solar power plants and rooftop solar panels, ancillary concepts of PV offer new strategies for supplying modern systems in versatile applications. [17][18][19] Moreover, diverse functionalities beyond solar energy harvesting can be afforded by adaptive PV, including aesthetic appearance, visual comfort and thermal management. [17,18,20,21] The distributed nature and the ubiquitous accessibility of multifunctional PV products are substantial features of solar PV in contrast to other renewable energies. However, traditional SCs dominating the market impose intrinsic optoelectronic and thermomechanical limitations, that prohibit their multifunctional utilization. To overcome these drawbacks, novel functional materials and innovative device architecture Solar photovoltaics (PV) offer viable and sustainable solutions to satisfy the growing energy demand and to meet the pressing climate targets. The deployment of conventional PV technologies is one of the major contributors of the ongoing energy transition in electricity power sector. However, the diversity of PV paradigms can open different opportunities for supplying modern systems in a wide range of terrestrial, marine, and aerospace applications. Such ubiquitous and versatile applications necessitate the development of PV technologies with customized desig...

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Section: Vehicle-integrated Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Meddeb

Götz‐Köhler

Neugebohrn

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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show abstract

“…We then analyzed the effects of the introduction of high‐efficiency solar cell modules as a VIPV into EVs upon reduction in CO 2 emission by using our anlytical procedure reported in our previous article. [ 16 ] The analyzed results show the effectiveness of high‐efficiency solar cell modules for reduction in CO 2 emission of EVs. [ 16 ] For example, a reduction in CO 2‐e emission is 32.2 g‐CO 2 km −1 for a VIPV module with a conversion efficiency of 40% and $18.6 CO 2−e km −1 for a module with that of 20% in the case of the EM of 10 km kWh −1 .…”

Section: Analysis For Cost Target Of Vipv Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis for the Potential of High‐Efficiency and Low‐Cost Vehicle‐Integrated Photovoltaics

et al. 2022

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The spread of the photovoltaic‐powered electric vehicle (PV‐EV) is desirable and is essential for reduction in CO2 emissions, increasing electric range, and creating a new clean energy infrastructure based on PVs. Development of highly efficient PV modules with reasonable cost is necessary to realize a longer PV‐driving range of passenger cars. Herein, the potential of various solar cell modules for vehicle‐integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) applications is analyzed. This article shows that the use of highly efficient solar cell modules with an efficiency of higher than 35% enables longer than 30 km day−1 PV driving under average irradiance of 4 kWh m−2 day−1 without external charging. Cost reduction of VIPV modules is also very important for spreading the PV‐powered vehicles. By considering electricity charging cost saving and reduction in CO2 emission of electric vehicles, the cost target of VIPV is discussed. The cost targets of the solar cell modules for the PV‐EV by considering only electricity charging cost saving, $2.6/Wp for a module with conversion efficiency of 20% and $3.7/Wp for a module with that of 40%, are estimated in the case of electric mileage of 10 km kWh−1.

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“…1) Regarding module temperature of VIPV, necessity of preventing from temperature rise of VIPV modules and effectiveness of developing high-performance solar cell modules with good temperature coefficient is shown in our recent article. [32] 2) The effects of partial shading upon VIPV modules have been studied by Ota et al [33] The shading of the VIPV is reported [32] to be dependent on the sun's attitude, climate condition, and location; shading objects such as buildings, houses, trees, poles, and others; driving and parking conditions. It was confirmed by previous studies [34,35] that more power was generated under a shadow covering the long side of the PV strings than under a shadow covering the short side of the PV strings because the voltage of optimal operating point of PV module changes less.…”

Section: Comments On the Effects Of The Other Parameters Upon Output ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High‐Efficiency Solar Cell Modules for Photovoltaic‐Powered Vehicles

et al. 2021

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Photovoltaic (PV)‐powered vehicles are expected to play a critical role in a future carbon neutral society because it has been reported that the onboard PVs have great ability to reduce CO2 emission from the transport sector. Although the demonstration car with a III−V‐based solar cell module has shown the PV‐powered driving range of 36.6 km day−1 at solar irradiance of 6.2 kWh m−2 day−1, practical driving ranges of PV‐powered vehicles are shown to be lower than estimated values due to some losses such as nonradiative recombination and resistance losses of solar cell modules under sunshine condition. This article presents analytical results for the effects of illumination intensity properties of various solar cell modules on the PV‐powered driving range to develop highly efficient solar cell modules for vehicle‐integrated applications. The analysis shows that improvements in shunt resistance and saturation current density of solar cell modules are necessary to improve illumination intensity properties of solar cell modules under low intensity sunshine condition. The calculations show that the III−V‐based 3‐junction solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 30% have a potential PV‐powered driving range of 30 km/day average and more than 50 km day−1 on a clear day.

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Importance of Developing Photovoltaics-Powered Vehicles

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Analysis for the Potential of High‐Efficiency and Low‐Cost Vehicle‐Integrated Photovoltaics

Development of High‐Efficiency Solar Cell Modules for Photovoltaic‐Powered Vehicles

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