“… 1 – 16 Among these interesting physical/chemical properties, photo-luminescence (PL) represents one of the most fascinating features owing to the low toxicity, good photostability, and high biocompatibility of NCs. 1 , 2 , 8 , 17 – 24 Although several luminescent NCs have been reported, 8 , 18 , 21 – 31 most of them exhibit lower quantum yields (QYs) compared with other fluorescent nanomaterials (such as lanthanide nanoparticles, 32 organic dyes 33 and quantum dots 34 ), which severely impedes extensive application of fluorescent NCs in biological and sensing fields. Several strategies have been developed to enhance the PL QY of NCs, and they can be mainly classified into the following three categories: (1) tailoring the capping ligands of NCs (in terms of controlling the ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) process); 8 , 35 – 37 (2) controlling the metal composition in the NC kernel; 21 , 22 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 38 and (3) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) from non- or weakly luminescent metal NCs (or complexes).…”