Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Schacky, Clemens von

doi:10.3390/nu13041074

Cited by 84 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…A number of analyses have reported positive associations between DHA or EPA + DHA status in blood lipids fractions and cognitive outcomes (129)(130)(131) . In the Framingham Cohort, high v. low (Q4 v. Q1) phosphatidylcholine-DHA was associated with a 47 % reduction in all cause dementia (129) .…”

Section: Fish and Dha Intake And Status And Cognition: Prospective Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish, n-3 fatty acids, cognition and dementia risk: not just a fishy tale

Saleh

Minihane

2021

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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With growing and ageing populations, the incidence of dementia is expected to triple globally by 2050. In the absence of effective drugs to treat or reverse the syndrome, dietary approaches which prevent or delay disease onset have considerable population health potential. Prospective epidemiological studies and mechanistic insight from experimental models strongly support a positive effect of a high fish and long chain n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) intake on a range of cognitive outcomes and dementia risk, with effect sizes equivalent to several years of ageing between the highest and lowest consumers. As reviewed here, an effect of EPA and DHA on neuroinflammation and oxylipin production is likely to in part mediate the neurophysiological benefits. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with EPA and DHA supplementation have produced mixed findings. Insight into the likely modulators of response to intervention and factors which should be considered for future RCTs are given. Furthermore, the impact of APOE genotype on disease risk and response to EPA and DHA supplementation is summarised. The prevalence of dementia is several-fold higher in APOE4 females (about 13% Caucasian populations) relative to the general population, who are emerging as a subgroup who may particularly benefit from DHA intervention, prior to the development of significant pathology.

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Section: Fish and Dha Intake And Status And Cognition: Prospective Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish, n-3 fatty acids, cognition and dementia risk: not just a fishy tale

Saleh

Minihane

2021

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Diets rich in linoleic acid and other omega-6 fatty acids inhibit the metabolic formation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can lead to a deficit of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 23 and is associated with reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, and accelerated progression to dementia. 24 Our study showed that increased levels of linoleic acid were associated with higher WMH volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Metabolomic profiling in small vessel disease identifies multiple associations with disease severity

Harshfield

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. There are few treatments, largely reflecting limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Metabolomics can be used to identify novel risk factors in order to better understand pathogenesis and to predict disease progression and severity. We analysed data from 624 patients with symptomatic cerebral SVD from two prospective cohort studies. Serum samples were collected at baseline and patients underwent MRI scans and cognitive testing at regular intervals with up to 14 years of follow-up. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles from 369 annotated metabolites and 54,764 unannotated features and examined their association with respect to disease severity, assessed using MRI SVD markers, cognition, and future risk of all-cause dementia. Over 100 annotated metabolites were significantly associated with SVD imaging markers, cognition, and progression to dementia. Decreased levels of multiple glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterol lipids were associated with increased SVD load as evidenced by higher white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume, lower mean diffusivity normalised peak height (MDNPH), greater brain atrophy, and impaired cognition. Higher levels of several amino acids and nucleotides were associated with higher WMH volume, greater atrophy, and lower MDNPH. Lower baseline levels of carnitines and creatinine were associated with higher annualised change in peak width of skeletonised mean diffusivity (PSMD), and several metabolites, including lower levels of valine, caffeine, and VLDL analytes, were associated with future dementia incidence. Additionally, we identified 1,362 unannotated features associated with lower MDNPH and 2,474 unannotated features associated with increased WMH volume. Our results show multiple distinct metabolic signatures that are associated with imaging markers of SVD, cognition, and conversion to dementia. Further research should assess causality and the use of metabolomic screening to improve the ability to predict future disease severity and dementia risk in SVD. The metabolomic profiles may also provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and help identify novel treatment approaches.

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“…There is an increasing body of evidence confirming a relationship between low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids status and depression [ 186 ]. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most prevalent omega-3 fatty acid in brain tissue and is critical for brain development and health [ 187 ]. In an animal study, compared with the administration of α-linolenic (ALA) alone (a precursor to DHA), its delivery in combination with curcumin enhanced the synthesis of DHA, elevated levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of DHA such as fatty acid desaturase 2 and elongase 2, and increased DHA concentrations in both liver and brain tissue.…”

Section: Curcumin’s Potential Antidepressant Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Curcumin for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Lopresti

2022

CNS Drugs

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Curcumin is the major biologically active polyphenolic constituent in the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects. Interest in curcumin as a treatment for mental health conditions has increased and there is an expanding body of preclinical and clinical research examining its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. In this narrative review, human trials investigating the effects of curcumin for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms are summarised. Using findings from in vitro, animal, and human trials, possible biological mechanisms associated with the antidepressant effects of curcumin are also explored. To increase the understanding of curcumin for the treatment of depression, directions for future research are proposed. Key PointsEvidence from animal and human trials confirms curcumin is a promising treatment for depression.Curcumin has multiple biological actions that may account for its antidepressant effects.More research is required to increase the understanding of the antidepressant effects of curcumin.

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Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Cited by 84 publications

References 184 publications

Fish, n-3 fatty acids, cognition and dementia risk: not just a fishy tale

Fish, n-3 fatty acids, cognition and dementia risk: not just a fishy tale

Metabolomic profiling in small vessel disease identifies multiple associations with disease severity

Potential Role of Curcumin for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

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