Importance of Fatty Acid Compositions in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Gautam, Milan; Izawa, Atsushi; Shiba, Yuji; Motoki, Hirohiko; Takeuchi, Takahiro; Okada, Ayako; Tomita, Takeshi; Miyashita, Yusuke; Koyama, Jun; Ikeda, Uichi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107003

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a cross-sectional analysis of 70 Japanese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors, a low plasma EPA to ARA ratio was independently associated with the presence of PAD (Fujihara et al, 2013). Gautam and colleagues also reported in a case-control analysis of patients in Japan that a low plasma EPA to ARA ratio was independently associated with PAD (Gautam et al, 2014). The same study also reported that patients with PAD have significantly lower levels of EPA and DHA, which is consistent with results of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated with a Deficiency of Erythrocyte Membrane n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Ramirez

Spaulding

Khetani

et al. 2019

Lipids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Population‐based data suggest that individuals who consume large dietary amounts of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have lower odds of peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, clinical studies examining n‐3 PUFA levels in patients with PAD are sparse. The objective of this study is to compare erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) content between patients with PAD and controls. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 179 vascular surgery outpatients (controls, 34; PAD, 145). A blood sample was drawn and the erythrocyte FA content was assayed using capillary gas chromatography. We calculated the ratio of the n‐3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the n‐6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) as well as the omega‐3 index (O3I), a measure of erythrocyte content of the n‐3 PUFA, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), expressed as a percentage of total erythrocyte FA. Compared with controls, patients with PAD smoked more and were more likely to have hypertension and hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). Patients with PAD had a lower mean O3I (5.0 ± 1.7% vs 6.0 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001) and EPA:ARA ratio (0.04 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), but greater mean total saturated fats (39.5 ± 2.5% vs 38.5 ± 2.6%, p = 0.01). After adjusting for several patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medications, an absolute decrease of 1% in the O3I was associated with 39% greater odds of PAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.86, and p = 0.03). PAD was associated with a deficiency of erythrocyte n‐3 PUFA, a lower EPA:ARA ratio, and greater mean total saturated fats. These alterations in FA content may be involved in the pathogenesis or development of poor outcomes in PAD.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated with a Deficiency of Erythrocyte Membrane n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Ramirez

Spaulding

Khetani

et al. 2019

Lipids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Western diets are known to have insufficient EPA and DHA, but there is also evidence that the overall omega-3 to omega-6 long-chain (C ≥18 ) PUFA ratio in dietary FA intake is important (in the United States this dietary intake ratio is estimated to be ~1:10 but the optimum is thought to be 1:6)1315. Consequently the levels of certain low value omega-3 PUFA’s such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) are also significant1316. Paradoxically, one omega-6 PUFA, γ-linolenic acid (GLA or 18:3n-6), is known to have anti-inflammatory roles and to be beneficial in cardiovascular disease16.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently the levels of certain low value omega-3 PUFA’s such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) are also significant1316. Paradoxically, one omega-6 PUFA, γ-linolenic acid (GLA or 18:3n-6), is known to have anti-inflammatory roles and to be beneficial in cardiovascular disease16. Quantification of TFA through direct derivatization and GC-FID is an appropriate approach to assessing potential as dietary omega-3 long-chain PUFA can be absorbed effectively, irrespective of whether they are present in non-polar lipids or in membrane lipids (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking nature’s treasure-chest: screening for oleaginous algae

Slocombe

Zhang

Ross

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micro-algae synthesize high levels of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins photoautotrophically, thus attracting considerable interest for the biotechnological production of fuels, environmental remediation, functional foods and nutraceuticals. Currently, only a few micro-algae species are grown commercially at large-scale, primarily for “health-foods” and pigments. For a range of potential products (fuel to pharma), high lipid productivity strains are required to mitigate the economic costs of mass culture. Here we present a screen concentrating on marine micro-algal strains, which if suitable for scale-up would minimise competition with agriculture for water. Mass-Spectrophotometric analysis (MS) of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) was subsequently validated by measurement of total fatty acids (TFA) by Gas-Chromatography (GC). This identified a rapid and accurate screening strategy based on elemental analysis. The screen identified Nannochloropsis oceanica CCAP 849/10 and a marine isolate of Chlorella vulgaris CCAP 211/21A as the best lipid producers. Analysis of C, N, protein, carbohydrate and Fatty Acid (FA) composition identified a suite of strains for further biotechnological applications e.g. Dunaliella polymorpha CCAP 19/14, significantly the most productive for carbohydrates, and Cyclotella cryptica CCAP 1070/2, with utility for EPA production and N-assimilation.

show abstract

“…A previous cross-sectional study including 422 cases reported that ALA intake was associated with a lower odds of PAD (41) . Another cross-sectional study including 199 cases reported that the content of ALA in erythrocytes was associated with lower odds of lower limb disease (42) , whereas two case-control studies did not find any appreciably nor statistically significant differences between circulating levels of ALA between cases and controls (43,44) . However, none of these studies included detailed adjustment for risk factors of PAD and the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of residual confounding and reverse causation (cross-sectional studies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intake of α-linolenic acid is not consistently associated with a lower risk of peripheral artery disease: results from a Danish cohort study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intake of the plant-derived n-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA) has been associated with anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, information on the association between ALA intake and development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is lacking. In this follow-up study, we investigated the association between dietary intake of ALA and the rate of PAD among middle-aged Danish men and women enrolled into the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort between 1993 and 1997. Incident PAD cases were identified through the Danish National Patient Register. Intake of ALA was assessed using a validated FFQ. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard regression allowing for separate baseline hazards among sexes and adjusted for established risk factors for PAD. During a median of 13·6 years of follow-up, we identified 950 valid cases of PAD with complete information on covariates. The median energy-adjusted ALA intake within the cohort was 1·76 g/d (95 % central range: 0·94–3·28). In multivariable analyses, we found no statistically significant association between intake of ALA and the rate of PAD (P = 0·339). Also, no statistically significant associations were observed in analyses including additional adjustment for co-morbidities and in sex-specific analyses. In supplemental analyses with additional adjustment for potential dietary risk factors, we found a weak inverse association of PAD with ALA intake above the median, but the association was not statistically significant (P = 0·314). In conclusion, dietary intake of ALA was not consistently associated with decreased risk of PAD.

show abstract

Importance of Fatty Acid Compositions in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated with a Deficiency of Erythrocyte Membrane n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Peripheral Artery Disease Is Associated with a Deficiency of Erythrocyte Membrane n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Unlocking nature’s treasure-chest: screening for oleaginous algae

Intake of α-linolenic acid is not consistently associated with a lower risk of peripheral artery disease: results from a Danish cohort study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About