Importance of integrons in the diffusion of resistance

Carattoli, Alessandra

doi:10.1051/vetres:2001122

Cited by 237 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Multiple resistance is common in Enterobacteriaceae and can be carried on plasmids or transposons (6,10,40,41). A 180-kb plasmid encoding resistance to apramycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin has been identified in Amp r group P strains (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli Strains in a Cohort of Newborn Calves

Hoyle

Yates

Chase-Topping

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate the dissemination and diversity of ampicillin-resistant (Amp r ) and nalidixic acid-resistant (Nal r ) commensal Escherichia coli strains in a cohort of 48 newborn calves. Calves were sampled weekly from birth for up to 21 weeks and a single resistant isolate selected from positive samples for genotyping and further phenotypic characterization. The Amp r population showed the greatest diversity, with a total of 56 different genotype patterns identified, of which 5 predominated, while the Nal r population appeared to be largely clonal, with over 97% of isolates belonging to just two different PFGE patterns. Distinct temporal trends were identified in the distribution of several Amp r genotypes across the cohort, with certain patterns predominating at different points in the study. Cumulative recognition of new Amp r genotypes within the cohort was biphasic, with a turning point coinciding with the housing of the cohort midway through the study, suggesting that colonizing strains were from an environmental source on the farm. Multiply resistant isolates dominated the collection, with >95% of isolates showing resistance to at least two additional antimicrobials. Carriage of resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was the most common combination, found across several different genotypes, suggesting the possible spread of a common resistance element across multiple strains. The proportion of Amp r isolates carrying sulfamethoxazole resistance increased significantly over the study period (P < 0.05), coinciding with a decline in the most common genotype pattern. These data indicate that calves were colonized by a succession of multiply resistant strains, with a probable environmental source, that disseminated through the cohort over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli Strains in a Cohort of Newborn Calves

Hoyle

Yates

Chase-Topping

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Self-transmissible elements including plasmids, transposons and bacteriophage all facilitate the acquisition and subsequent dissemination of resistance determinants. In addition, integrons, when associated with plasmids and/or bacteriophage are now considered efficient vehicles for the transfer of resistance markers among unrelated bacterial populations [24].…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is these gene cassettes that encode the resistance determinants to several antimicrobial agents [24].…”

Section: Gene Cassettes and Class 1 Integronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter

et al. 2005

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-Species within the genus, Campylobacter, have emerged over the last three decades as significant clinical pathogens, particularly of human public health concern, where the majority of acute bacterial enteritis in the Western world is due to these organisms. Of particular concern are the species, C. jejuni and C. coli, which are responsible for most of these gastrointestinal-related infections. Although these organisms have already emerged as causative agents of zoonoses, several aspects of their epidemiology and pathophysiology are only beginning to emerge. Trends in increasing antibiotic resistance are beginning to emerge with oral antibiotics, which may be the drug of choice for when it is necessary to intervene chemotherapeutically. This review wishes to examine (i) emerging clinical aspects of the disease, such as Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS), (ii) the association between these organisms and poultry as a natural host, (iii) environmental aspects of Campylobacter epidemiology, (iv) the emergence of atypical campylobacters (v) emerging trends in antibiotic resistance, (vi) adoption of modern methods for the detection of campylobacters.

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“…The 3' conserved region may represent another resistance gene, such as the sulfonamide resistance gene sulI [51]. The role of integrons in the diffusion of resistance was reviewed by Carattoli [10].…”

Section: Elements Involved In Horizontal Transfer Of Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance

2001

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-This review deals with the application of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production and the possible consequences arising from the widespread and multipurpose use of antimicrobials. The various mechanisms that bacteria have developed to escape the inhibitory effects of the antimicrobials most frequently used in the veterinary field are reported in detail. Resistance of bacteria to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics, β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol/florfenicol is described with regard to enzymatic inactivation, decreased intracellular drug accumulation and modification/protection/replacement of the target sites. In addition, basic information is given about mobile genetic elements which carry the respective resistance genes, such as plasmids, transposons, and gene cassettes/integrons, and their ways of spreading via conjugation, mobilisation, transduction, and transformation.antibiotic therapy / growth promotion / resistance mechanism / resistance gene / gene transfer Résumé -Utilisation d'agents antimicrobiens en médecine vétérinaire et mécanismes de résis-tance. Cette revue présente les différents buts pour lesquels les agents antimicrobiens sont utilisés en médecine vétérinaire, dans les élevages d'animaux entrant dans la chaîne alimentaire et les possibles conséquences de cette large utilisation. Une synthèse est faite des différents mécanismes de résis-tance développés par les bactéries, comme l'inactivation enzymatique, la diminution de la concentration intracellulaire de l'antibiotique, les modification/protection/déplacement de cible, qui permettent d'échapper à l'action des antibiotiques les plus fréquemment utilisés dans le domaine vétérinaire :

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Importance of integrons in the diffusion of resistance

Cited by 237 publications

References 104 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli Strains in a Cohort of Newborn Calves

Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli Strains in a Cohort of Newborn Calves

Campylobacter

Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance

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