Importance of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Short-Term Glucose Sensor Function in Vivo

Role of Interleukin-1/Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Family of Cytokines in Long-Term Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Vivo

“…Glucose sensors were implanted into IL-1Ra~KO, IL-1Ra~OE, or C57BL/6j mice, and CGM was undertaken for a period up to 28 days as described previously. [12][13][14] Blood glucose reference measurements were obtained periodically over the 28-day implantation period, using blood obtained from the tail vein and a FreeStyle blood glucose monitor. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Connecticut Health Center (Farmington, CT) approved all mice studies.…”

Impact of CCL2 and CCR2 chemokine/receptor deficiencies on macrophage recruitment and continuous glucose monitoring in vivo

“…CC chemokines or Beta-chemokines have two (2) adjacent cysteines near the amino terminus of the CC chemokine. CCL2 or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is an extremely powerful monocyte chemotactic factor that recruits monocytes from the vasculature into injured tissue and upon activation transforms them into macrophages (Semple et al 2010b; Semple et al 2010c). Chemokine receptors, such as CCR2, are G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed on the surface of leukocytes.…”

Activation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes by Candidate Biomaterials for an Implantable Glucose Sensor

“…11 Because it will be essential to avoid any biological responses that may interfere with detection of glucose, the sensor should not elicit any significant inflammatory response following implantation in vivo. [12][13][14][15] Hence, the purpose of these in vitro studies was not to accurately predict sensor performance in vivo, 16 but to enable a preliminary screen of biocompatibility in order to remove materials that would otherwise elicit a detrimental immunological response inside the body. 5 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) can be activated by invading pathogens as a favorable event to combat infection as well as by artificial materials, then often with unfavorable effects damaging the surrounding tissue with impairment of the device function.…”