Importance of mirror modes in binary black hole ringdown waveform

Dhani, Arnab

doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.104048

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…There has been a multitude of studies in the literature that have modeled the higher spherical harmonic modes of a ringdown waveform [23][24][25][26] using the fundamental QNM. Other studies have added overtones and mirror modes [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] to model the l = 2 modes. In the effective one-body formalism, the ringdown is modeled using a set of QNMs and pseudomodes [34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overtones, mirror modes, and mode-mixing in binary black hole mergers

Dhani,

Sathyaprakash

2021

Preprint

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Gravitational waves emitted in the aftermath of a black hole binary coalescence have characteristic complex frequencies called quasinormal modes (QNMs). These can be used to test the nature of the merger remnant, e.g. a test of the black hole "no-hair" theorem. The relative excitation amplitudes of the QNMs contain information about the progenitor system and can be employed to test the consistency between the pre-and post-merger signals. The post-merger signal from numerical relativity (NR) simulations of binary black holes exhibit a rich structure that has to be understood to fully exploit the information contained therein. In this study, we examine the importance of overtones and mirror modes for a set of mass ratios of non-spinning black hole binaries and a host of multipole modes corresponding to spherical harmonic indices l ≤ 4 and m ≤ 3. We find that the first overtone is most important in the leading mode for a given m and decreases for sub-dominant modes. The contribution of the fundamental mirror mode is most significant for m = 1 and increases with mass ratio, although the model systematics are not affected significantly by mirror modes. Mode-mixing is the dominant effect for the sub-leading modes of a given m and minimally affects the leading mode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overtones, mirror modes, and mode-mixing in binary black hole mergers

Dhani,

Sathyaprakash

2021

Preprint

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“…We thank Max Isi for fruitful discussions, Matt Giesler for sharing his work, which helped us clarify the differences between our results and those of [9] and [10], and Arnab Dhani for detailed discussions on the methods used in his work [16]. We also thank Arnab Dhani, Greg Cook, Max Isi, and Xiang Li for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript.…”

Section: Acknowledgments 16mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Currently, the majority of gravitational wave analyses predominantly focus on fitting QNM models to just the fundamental (2, 2) mode, with recent studies furthering this with overtones, retrograde modes, and mode-mixing effects [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. 1 Despite this, third-generation, groundbased detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) are expected to observe roughly 10 2 − 10 4 events per year with ringdown signals that will be strong enough to exhibit various higher-order mode contributions, which, until now, have not been systematically studied [18,19].…”

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confidence: 99%

High Precision Ringdown Modeling: Multimode Fits and BMS Frames

Zertuche,

Mitman,

Khera

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Quasi-normal mode (QNM) modeling is an invaluable tool for studying strong gravity, characterizing remnant black holes, and testing general relativity. To date, most studies have focused on the dominant (2, 2) mode, and have fit to standard strain waveforms from numerical relativity. But, as gravitational wave observatories become more sensitive, they can resolve higher-order modes. Multimode fits will be critically important, and in turn require a more thorough treatment of the asymptotic frame at I + . The first main result of this work is a method for systematically fitting a QNM model containing many modes to a numerical waveform produced using Cauchy-characteristic extraction, which is known to exhibit memory effects. We choose the modes to model based on their power contribution to the residual between numerical and model waveforms. We show that the all-mode mismatch improves by a factor of ∼ 10 5 when using multimode fitting as opposed to only fitting (2, ±2, n) modes. Our second main result addresses a critical point that has been overlooked in the literature: the importance of matching the Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) frame of the simulated gravitational wave to that of the QNM model. We show that by mapping the numerical relativity waveforms to the super rest frame, there is an improvement of ∼ 10 5 in the all-mode strain mismatch in the presence of memory, compared to using the strain whose BMS frame is not fixed. We illustrate the effectiveness of these modeling enhancements by applying them to families of waveforms produced by numerical relativity, and comparing our results to previous studies.

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“…Our goal here is to examine if we find (i) the late-time, power-law tail (this appendix) and (ii) the convergence of the orthonormalized QNM fits (Appendix B) in more astrophysically relevant NR waveforms. We note that there are also various works on the mismatch and parameter estimation errors based on the ringdown portion of the NR waveforms and their QNM fits with overtones [47,[51][52][53][54]57], memory (mainly the m = 0 mode) [55] and mirror (negative m) modes [56,58].…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[48][49][50] for earlier work). The study was followed up with more detailed theoretical investigation [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] to consider the QNM fits including overtones to the numerical relativity (NR) waveforms of binary BH mergers [59][60][61] after the time of peak amplitude (of some waveform quantity). The observational impacts of including QNM overtones in the ringdown GW analysis are examined for GW150914 [62] and for GW190521 [63], but the strong contribution of overtones and higher harmonics was not found in the ringdown signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Tone and Overtones of Quasinormal Modes in Ringdown Gravitational Waves: A Detailed Study in Black Hole Perturbation

2021

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Ringdown gravitational waves of compact object binaries observed by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors encapsulate rich information to understand remnant objects after the merger and to test general relativity in the strong field. In this work, we investigate the ringdown gravitational waves in detail to better understand their property, assuming that the remnant objects are black holes. For this purpose, we perform numerical simulations of post-merger phase of binary black holes by using the black hole perturbation scheme with the initial data given under the close-limit approximation, and we generate data of ringdown gravitational waves with smaller numerical errors than that associated with currently available numerical relativity simulations. Based on the analysis of the data, we propose an orthonormalization of the quasinormal mode functions describing the fundamental tone and overtones to model ringdown gravitational waves. Finally, through some demonstrations of the proposed model, we briefly discuss the prospects for ringdown gravitational-wave data analysis including the overtones of quasinormal modes.

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Importance of mirror modes in binary black hole ringdown waveform

Cited by 62 publications

References 49 publications

Overtones, mirror modes, and mode-mixing in binary black hole mergers

Overtones, mirror modes, and mode-mixing in binary black hole mergers

High Precision Ringdown Modeling: Multimode Fits and BMS Frames

Fundamental Tone and Overtones of Quasinormal Modes in Ringdown Gravitational Waves: A Detailed Study in Black Hole Perturbation

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