Importance of on-farm management practices on lactate-fermenting Clostridium spp. spore contamination of Manchega ewe milk: Determination of risk factors and characterization of Clostridium population

Arias, Covadonga R.; Oliete, Bonastre; Seseña, Susana; Jiménez, Lorena; Pérez-Guzmán, M. D.; Árias, R.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.030

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, Garde et al (2011) observed the highest mean milk spore count in the summer (26,800 sporesIL −1 ), with C. sporogenes as the most abundant species in cheeses with late-blowing defects. This is in accordance with Arias et al (2013), who also found that C. sporogenes was the most commonly isolated species, followed by C. beijerinkii and C. tyrobutyricum. Arias et al (2013) also highlighted that the use of farm-made forage and wet brewer grain as animal feed, as well as the presence of dust in the milking parlor, favors the presence of Clostridium spp.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, the current literature regarding the presence and relevance of clostridia spores in Italian ewe's milk is limited (Scintu et al 2004). However, a few surveys carried out in Spain are available (Garde et al 2011;Arias et al 2013;Gómez-Torres et al 2015). Concerning data from reports analyzing milk samples for the production of Manchego cheese in Spain, Garde et al (2011) detected lactate-fermenting clostridial spores in 97% of samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Clostridium spp. in ewe’s milk: enumeration and identification of isolates

Turchi

Pero

Torracca

et al. 2016

Dairy Sci. & Technol.

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The presence of gas-producing clostridia in ewe's milk can lead to the occurrence of late-blowing defects in cheeses. However, data on this aspect are limited. In the present study, using the most probable number (MPN) method, clostridial spores were enumerated in 527 ewe's milk samples collected in the Grosseto Province (Tuscany, Italy) from autumn 2014 to summer 2015. In addition, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we identified the species most frequently involved in lateblowing defects in cheese (Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, and Clostridium sporogenes), and of Clostridium perfringens. Gas-producing clostridial spores were detected in 99% of samples. Spore concentrations ranged from 360 to more than 110,000 sporesIL −1. We observed that 86% of samples had a spore load higher than 1000 sporesIL −1. During autumn and summer, spore concentrations were significantly higher than in winter and spring (P < 0.001). A total of 222 isolates obtained from 77 MPN positive tubes from different milk samples were subjected to PCR. Colonies from 63/77 (82%) MPN positive tubes were taxonomically identified. Among the 63 PCR-positive samples, C. perfringens was the most frequently detected species (56%), followed by C. sporogenes (44%), C. tyrobutyricum (7.9%), C. butyricum (1.6%), and C. beijerinkii (1.6%). In addition, in 11% of the MPN positive tubes, at least two clostridial species were found to be present simultaneously. This work highlights the presence of clostridial spores in ovine milk from central Italy (Tuscany) and led to the identification of some of the clostridia species involved in such high spore loads.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Clostridium spp. in ewe’s milk: enumeration and identification of isolates

Turchi

Pero

Torracca

et al. 2016

Dairy Sci. & Technol.

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“…spore are enumerated by the most probable number technique in Bryant and Burkey broth specific media under anaerobiosis (Arias et al, 2013) or by optimized membrane filtration technique (Reindl et al, 2014); and Staphylococcus spp. and other mammary pathogens can be counted after culture in specific media according with de Koop et al (2010a, 2013a, and Linage et al (2012).…”

Section: Total and Specific Bacterial Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main risk factors are related to housing conditions, feeding characteristics and milking parlour hygiene. Indeed, several studies in ewe and goat BTM showed that the main on-farm management risk factors associated to an increase of spore counts > 10 3 spores/L were farm-made total mixed ration, the silages and wet brewer's grains used for feeding, and the presence of dust in the milking parlour (Arias et al, 2013(Arias et al, , 2016Reindl et al, 2014). Mean values found in scientific literature for ewe BTM ranged from 2.82-4.16 log spores/L (Scintu et al, 2004;Garde et al, 2011;Arias et al, 2013), whereas maximum spore counts of 2.48 log spore/L and 3.70 log spore/L were described in goat BTM from suppliers without and with silage feeding, respectively (Reindl et al, 2014).…”

Section: Total and Specific Bacterial Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other bacterial groups, such as thermoduric bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms, gram-positive catalase-negative cocci (GPCNC), staphylococci, or lactate-fermenting Clostridium spp. spores would be indicators of interest for milk hygiene, udder health, safety, and marketing quality (Arias et al, 2013;de Garnica et al, 2013a). Mammary pathogens (i.e., Staphylococcus spp., Mycoplasmas spp., etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk hygiene in small ruminants: A review

Gonzalo

2018

Span. j. agric. res.

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Somatic cell count (SCC), mammary pathogens prevalence, total and specific bacterial counts, antimicrobial residues, macroscopic sediment, water addition, aflatoxins and other contaminants constitute the basis for milk payment-schemes, monitoring and improvement of flock hygiene and health management, and development of analytical surveillance programs in the dairy small ruminants. The present work reviews factors influencing the variation of these variables, including milk analytical methods, storage and preservation, along with management implications during the last two decades. Following farmer and cooperative educational programs, progressive reductions have been reported for total bacterial count and antimicrobial residue occurrence in bulk tank milk. These results were consistent, however, with high values for SCC and specific bacterial populations. Thus, mastitis control programs should be intensified to increase hygiene in milk and economic returns for producers and processors. In addition, the implementation of programs to reduce specific bacterial counts (i.e., psychrotrophs, coliforms, Clostridium spp. spores) and mammary pathogen prevalence (i.e., Staph. aureus, Mycoplasma spp.), as well as the use of combined screening methods for an increased rate of antimicrobial detection, are currently required strategies which are positively valuated by milk processors, industry and consumers. Other contaminants may also be present, but cost-effective screening and analytical systems have not yet been implemented. This review aims to be helpful for troubleshooting milk quality and safety, developing future premium payment systems and industry quality-standards, optimizing management, on-farm risk traceability systems and consumer acceptance.

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