Importance of Osseoperception and Tactile Sensibility during Masticatory Function in Different Prosthetic Rehabilitations: A Review

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Tactile sensibility is an important characteristic for evaluating the masticatory efficiency in different occlusal situations. When a tooth is extracted, relevant proprioceptors from the periodontal ligament get lost; and after the rehabilitation of this abscess by means of oral prosthesis, this sensibility decreases influencing masticatory function. Osseoperception is a sensitive phenomenon associated with dental implants that allows an increased tactile sensibility to those wearing implant prostheses. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in tactile sensibility values between implant prosthesis, complete dentures, and natural teeth through a review of the available literature. Materials and Methods. In order to dissect the information, 24 articles from 2004 to 2021 were analyzed from MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Web of Science databases. These articles were directly related to measuring tactile sensibility in different situations and demonstrating the influence of osseoperception in an improved masticatory function. Results: Tactile sensibility in implant prosthesis is slightly reduced compared with natural dentition but presents improved values with regard to complete dentures. Conclusions: Implant prosthesis are more effective during masticatory function than complete dentures, as they present an increased tactile sensibility, very similar to that present in natural dentition. This enhanced sensibility in implants is due to the osseoperception phenomenon.

Duration of mastication and oral phase of swallowing in the elderly with different dental conditions: a clinical analysis

“…Lucena et al (2014) 35 found higher averages of chewing time for a loaf of bread (25 g) in adults, considering the interval between the incision of the food with the teeth until the last swallow, times of 2 minutes and 15 seconds being found for men, and 2 minutes and 36 seconds for women. These data show that research directed to the senile population must take into account the influence of sensory information coming from the teeth or their absence, 3,36 ; from physiological aspects related to aging, such as difficulties in controlling and swallowing the bolus found in the oral phase 34 , as well as dysfunctions in the pharyngeal phase such as reduced degree of laryngeal elevation and delayed onset of hyolaryngeal excursion 26 , and also the influence of palate coverage with dentures 30 as variables that can influence the results of studies involving the process of mastication and oropharyngeal swallowing.…”

“…With regard to the influence of the oral condition, the significant difference (p=0.0056) found for the mean swallowing times between groups D and CRD and between D and ISCD could be justified by the influence of the absence of afferent information coming from the periodontal mechanoreceptors 30 , as well as lower sensory perception in the palate region (caused by the dentures), generating less control of the oral phase and impairing the action of the palate in anchoring the tongue movement in the production of pressure to generate swallowing 31 in the liquid consistency of the total edentulous elderly patients studied.…”

“…The data also leads to the questioning about the influence of the inhibition of sensory stimulation, generated by the dentures, which may also have generated a worsening of the masticatory performance and the formation of the bolus 30,34 , generating a longer chewing time, thus, influencing the final swallowing values.…”

Duração da mastigação e da fase oral da deglutição em idosos com diferentes condições dentárias: análise clínica

“…No que se refere à influência da condição oral, a diferença significante (p=0,0056), encontrada para as médias de tempo da deglutição entre os grupos D e PTR e entre D e PTIS, poderiam ser justificadas pela influência da ausência de informação aferente advinda dos mecanorreceptores periodontais 30 , assim como menor percepção sensorial na região do palato (causadas pelas próteses), gerando menor controle da fase oral e prejudicando a ação do palato em ancorar o movimento da língua na produção de pressão para gerar a deglutição 31 na consistência líquida dos idosos desdentados totais estudados. Conforme demonstrado no estudo de Sato et al (2013) 31 , adultos dentados que utilizaram próteses demonstraram piora na escala visual analógica e nos índices de formação de bolo no primeiro dia após a adaptação, retornando ao padrão habitual no sétimo dia, porém, havendo maior número de ciclos mastigatórios para compensar um pior desempenho mastigatório e para propiciar uma melhor formação do bolo para uma deglutição confortável.…”

“…E, ainda, quanto às diferentes condições orais, embora o uso da PTIS possa melhorar diversos aspectos relacionados à eficiência mastigatória 35 , não foram encontradas diferenças relevantes entre o desempenho do tempo de mastigação e deglutição entre os grupos estudados no presente estudo. Os dados levam também ao questionamento quanto à influência da inibição do estímulo sensorial, gerada pelas próteses, que também podem ter gerado piora do desempenho mastigatório e da formação do bolo 30,34 , gerando um tempo maior da mastigação, influenciando, assim, nos valores finais da deglutição.…”