Importance of physical units in the Boltzmann plot method

Abstract

The Boltzmann plot is one of the most widely used methods for determining the temperature in different types of laboratory plasmas. It operates on the logarithm as a function of...

WITHDRAWN: Ultrafast Picosecond Laser Spectroscopy and ICP-OES Assisted Calibration-free of Toxic Metal Concentrations in Contaminated Agricultural Soils

“…Then, one plots the natural logarithm of the intensity ratio of each line to a reference line versus the energy difference between their upper levels and the reference line. The slope of the linear fit gives the inverse of the temperature (k), where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature (Völker andGornushkin 2022)(OHNO et al 2006). The reference lines were chosen in our study for Ca I with wavelengths (428.936,442.544,527.027,585.745,and 612.222 nm) these lines were chosen because it has a high intensity and a low self-absorption coefficient.…”

Mass and mole fractions in calibration-free LIBS

“…All physical quantities in eqn (1) are normalized to the chosen system of units. 5 The factor Φ = F · hcn Σ is the product of the experimental coefficient F , which takes into account the collection angle and path length, and the combination of physical (the speed of light and Planck contant) and plasma (total number density) constants. The concentration c z s = n z s / n Σ of the particle s in the charge state z denotes the fraction of its number density relative to the total number density n Σ = Σ s,z n z s , that is, the mole fraction.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…Results indicated that self-absorption decreases with increased plasma temperature, whereas it increases with increasing optical path length and analyte concentration. Moreover, an improved method for self-absorption correction, based on the use of Planck function and an iterative numerical calculation of the plasma temperature, was investigated by Völker et al 98 The method was compared to other methods that require knowledge of different parameters, such as line shape function, linewidth, or electron density. The authors employed for this study synthetic spectra that fully correspond to the assumed conditions of a homogeneous isothermal plasma at LTE.…”