Importance of TGFβ in Cancer and Nematode Infection and Their Interaction—Opinion

Maruszewska-Cheruiyot, Marta; Stear, M. J.; Machcińska, Maja; Donskow‐Łysoniewska, Katarzyna

doi:10.3390/biom12111572

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Helminths are strong modulators of the host milieu. Studies on the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) confirmed that immune response to helminths is strongly dependent on both host and parasite factors [ 20 ]. Neutralization of TGF-β affected the concentration of cytokines and their pattern of production and resulted in a reduction in worm numbers and fecal egg counts [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation

Maruszewska-Cheruiyot

Krawczak-Wójcik

Michniowska

et al. 2023

Life

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Accumulating data suggest an important role of growth factors in autoimmune diseases and parasitic nematode infections. Nematodes are used in clinical studies of autoimmune diseases and parasite-derived molecules are widely studied for their therapeutic potential in various types of disorders. However, the effect of nematode infection on growth factors in autoimmune disorders has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infection with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in murine autoimmune models on the production of growth factors. Here, the level of a variety of growth factors related mainly to angiogenesis was evaluated by protein array in the intestinal mucosa of C57BL/6 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice and in cerebral spinal fluid of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice infected with nematodes. In addition, vessel formation was evaluated in the brains of EAE mice infected with H. polygyrus. A significant influence of nematode infection on the level of angiogenic factors was observed. Parasitic infection of colitic mice resulted in upregulation of mucosal AREG, EGF, FGF-2, and IGFBP-3 in the intestine of the host and better adaptation (infectivity). In EAE mice, infection increased the level of FGF-2 and FGF-7 in CSF. In addition, remodeling of brain vessels was observed, with a higher density of long vessels. Nematode-derived factors are promising tools to fight autoimmune diseases and to study angiogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation

Maruszewska-Cheruiyot

Krawczak-Wójcik

Michniowska

et al. 2023

Life

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“…Further studies are needed to identify the neuroregulatory pathways induced by infection with intestinal nematodes. However, these studies suggest that treatment of immune disorders caused by nematode infection must be completed with caution, especially in elderly patients, because their immune response is slower and may cause pathogenesis in the nervous tissue [ 96 ]. Given the increasing burden of neurodegenerative diseases, understanding such connections could have important implications for health strategies to improve health and prevent dementia in ageing human populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice

Jermakow,

Skarżyńska,

Lewandowska

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Parasitic helminths induce a transient, short-term inflammation at the beginning of infection, but in persistent infection may suppress the systemic immune response by enhancing the activity of regulatory M2 macrophages. The aim of the study was to determine how nematode infection affects age-related neuroinflammation, especially macrophages in the nervous tissue. Here, intraperitoneal LPS-induced systemic inflammation resulting in brain neurodegeneration was enhanced by prolonged Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in C57BL/6 mice. The changes in the brain coincided with the increase in M1 macrophages, reduced survivin level, enhanced APP and GFAP expression, chitin-like chains deposition in the brain and deterioration behaviour manifestations. These changes were also observed in transgenic C57BL/6 mice predisposed to develop neurodegeneration typical for Alzheimer’s disease in response to pathogenic stimuli. Interestingly, in mice infected with the nematode only, the greater M2 macrophage population resulted in better results in the forced swim test. Given the growing burden of neurodegenerative diseases, understanding such interactive associations can have significant implications for ageing health strategies and disease monitoring.

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“…Murine infections have helped to elucidate some mechanisms involved in helminth therapy. Furthermore, the effects of H. polygyrus -derived molecules are not limited to mice but also affect human cells [ 9 ]. Therefore, H. polygyrus may similarly influence an immune response in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode’s Excretory–Secretory Proteome

Maruszewska-Cheruiyot,

Szewczak,

Krawczak-Wójcik

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Parasitic nematodes and their products are promising candidates for therapeutics against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Two species of nematodes, the hookworm Necator americanus and the whipworm Trichuis suis, are being used in clinical treatment trials of IBD referred to as “helminth therapy”. Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a well-known model for human hookworm infections. Excretory–secretory (ES) products of H. polygyrus L4 stage that developed during colitis show a different immunomodulatory effect compared to the ES of H. polgyrus from healthy mice. The aim of the study was to evaluate excretory–secretory proteins produced by H. polygyrus L4 stage males and females that developed in the colitic milieu. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins. Blast2GO was used to investigate the functions of the discovered proteins. A total of 387 proteins were identified in the ES of H. polygyrus L4 males (HpC males), and 330 proteins were identified in the ES of L4 females that developed in the colitic milieu (HpC females). In contrast, only 200 proteins were identified in the ES of L4 males (Hp males) and 218 in the ES of L4 females (Hp females) that developed in control conditions. Most of the proteins (123) were detected in all groups. Unique proteins identified in the ES of HpC females included annexin, lysozyme-2, apyrase, and galectin. Venom allergen/Ancylostoma-secreted protein-like, transthyretin-like family proteins, and galectins were found in the secretome of HpC males but not in the secretome of control males. These molecules may be responsible for the therapeutic effects of nematodes in DSS-induced colitis.

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Importance of TGFβ in Cancer and Nematode Infection and Their Interaction—Opinion

Cited by 6 publications

References 123 publications

Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation

Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation

Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice

The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode’s Excretory–Secretory Proteome

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