Importance of the personal endotoxin cloud in school-age children with asthma

Rabinovitch, Nathan; Liu, Andrew H.; Zhang, Lening; Rodes, Charles; Foarde, Karin; Dutton, S; Murphy, James R.; Gelfand, Erwin W.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.045

Cited by 101 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Specific causative agents have not been identified [2], but most observations are available for endotoxin [3,4]. In schools, allergen levels have been studied most extensively [5], but only few studies examined endotoxin or levels of other microbial markers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Endotoxin is a cell wall component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is present in indoor environments as constituents of house dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In homes, endotoxin has been linked to decreased rates of sensitisation, asthma and hay fever in early childhood [14][15][16], but endotoxin is also associated with increased symptom prevalence and nonallergic asthma [14,17]. In most studies, endotoxin in schools was studied in a small number of measurements, and endotoxin was mainly measured in floor dust [6,[8][9][10][11], which is a poor proxy of inhalatory endotoxin exposure, as the majority of classroom floor dust consists of large and heavy particles (sand and breadcrumbs). Only one recent study measured floor endotoxin levels in homes and schools of asthmatics; the study found higher endotoxin levels in school compared with the homes of asthmatics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endotoxin levels in homes and classrooms of Dutch school children and respiratory health

et al. 2012

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Several studies describe indoor pollutant exposure in homes and to a lesser extent in schools. Population studies that include both environments are sparse. This study aims to assess endotoxin levels in primary schools and homes of children. Endotoxin was also studied in relation to asthma and sensitisation.10 schools with (index) and without (reference) dampness were selected, based on reports and inspections. Cases and controls were selected from 169 homes based on the presence or absence of asthmalike symptoms of children. Classroom and bedroom airborne settled dust was sampled using electrostatic dust fall collectors.Average endotoxin levels in schools ranged from 2178 to 6914 endotoxin units (EU)?m -2 per week compared with 462-1285 EU?m -2 per week in homes. After mutual adjustment for home and school endotoxin, school endotoxin was positively associated with nonatopic asthma (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.97-1.27), while no associations with endotoxin were found at home.The high endotoxin levels in schools compared with homes indicate that exposure at school can contribute considerably to environmental endotoxin exposure of children and teachers. Our results also suggest that endotoxin in schools may be associated with nonatopic asthmatic symptoms in pupils, although the results require reproduction because of the modest sample size. @ERSpublications School endotoxin levels can contribute to exposure of children and teachers, causing nonatopic asthmatic symptoms

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin levels in homes and classrooms of Dutch school children and respiratory health

et al. 2012

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“…The concentrations of protein in fine particles were high during winter and spring (December to May), and those in coarse particles increased in late spring and summer (May to August) 2015. , and Cl − ) in the fine and coarse particles. During the entire sampling period, the mean concentration of SO 4 2− were higher in fine particles than in coarse particles. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of NO 3 − and Cl − during the entire sampling period were higher in coarse particles than in fine particles.…”

Section: Analysis Of Water-soluble Ionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…On the other hand, the mean concentrations of NO 3 − and Cl − during the entire sampling period were higher in coarse particles than in fine particles. In fine particles, the highest concentration of SO 4 2− was found in August 2015. The fluctuation in concentration of NO 3 − in fine particles was large, and the concentrations of NO 3 − were highest in January to March 2015 and 2016 Table 6 shows the correlation coefficients between the weekly concentrations of endotoxin and protein, and those of endotoxin and protein with airborne particles and water-soluble ions.…”

Section: Analysis Of Water-soluble Ionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Exposure to endotoxin was found to exacerbate asthmatic symptoms 2,3) and impair pulmonary function. 4,5) Asian dust events occur year round, and severe events are mainly observed during the spring months (March, April, and May). Furthermore, the frequency of Asian dust events is higher in western Japan compared to other regions in Japan.…”

Section: Seasonal Fluctuation Of Endotoxin and Protein Concentrations Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Fluctuation of Endotoxin and Protein Concentrations in Outdoor Air in Sasebo, Japan

Khan

Coulibaly

Abe

et al. 2018

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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To determine the levels of endotoxin, which is a major component of outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and protein in the atmosphere in Sasebo, Japan, we measured these biological materials in fine (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) and coarse (≥2. ). However, the monthly protein concentrations were higher in fine particles than in coarse particles. Compared to the endotoxin concentrations, the fluctuations in the monthly protein concentrations were smaller in both coarse and fine particles. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report long-term atmospheric concentrations of endotoxin and protein in Japan. Since the endotoxin concentrations in coarse particles were positively associated with the concentrations of Na and Cl , it suggests the involvement of Gram-negative bacteria from seawater to the endotoxin levels in the atmosphere. For fine particles, the protein concentrations were positively associated with the concentrations of particles, NO 3 and SO 4 2 . These results suggest that combustion of organic materials, such as biomass burning, may be a contributor to atmospheric protein during this study period.

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