Importance of the unipolar morphologies in the interpretation of the electrocardiogram: The theoretical basis of the unipolar morphologies and its correlation with vectorial analysis, with cardiac activation, and with the potential variations at the epicardial surface of the heart

Clinical Studies of Vectorcardiography in Children

“…Furthermore, even if it is not the purpose of the present paper to discuss the real fundamentals of vectorcardiography, we have to stress that we still do not know exactly if the electrical activi ties of the ventricles can be represented by a single dipole and how much we may miss or gain by using the VCG in regard to conventional electrocardiography (Sodi- Pallares et al, 1957Pallares et al, , 1959Pallares et al, , 1961 .…”

Anatomically corrected transposition of the great arteries.

“…Nevertheless, these correlations did prove accurate in 95 per cent of 149 cases of transposition of many types (Van Praagh, Vlad, and Keith, in the press) and in 92 per cent of 60 cases of single ventricle (Van Praagh et al, 1964a). In view of the severe cono-ventricular malalignment which is the essence of anatomically corrected transposition, a segment-by-segment approach to the angiocardiogram appears necessary, assisted by a segmentally deductive approach to the electrocardiogram (Portillo et al, 1959;Sodi-Pallares et al, 1959). SUMMARY Three cases of anatomically corrected transposition discovered at necropsy are presented, documenting a rare anomaly which has widely been regarded as embryologically impossible and, hence, non-existent.…”

Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis

“…In normal children (or even in adults), the pattern of QRS complex, namely, an rS pattern in the leads V1 and V2, is indicative that the underlying ventricle is RV and a qRs pattern in the leads V5 and V6 is suggestive that the underlying ventricle is LV [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Such a logic of using QRS patterns to assess the ventricular location does not apply to cardiac malpositions [ 3 , 4 , 5 ] because most patients with cardiac malposition have RV hypertrophy or a single ventricle in addition to varying degrees of rotation of ventricular chambers.…”