Importância do conhecimento anatômico na Síndrome de Eagle: relato em crânio secos

Abstract

O processo estilóide é uma projeção óssea e pontiaguda que se origina do osso temporal e seu comprimento padrão varia entre 25 a 30 mm. Quando este comprimento é excedido, o acidente ósseo é considerado alongado, isso associado a sintomatologia específica pode indicar o diagnóstico de Síndrome de Eagle. Esse relato foi um achado anatômico, observacional, realizado a partir de osteotécnica em crânios secos de adultos, pertencentes ao laboratório de Anatomia Humana da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Campus Toledo. Os achados foram mensurados com paquímetro nove. Entre doze ossadas humanas analisadas, duas possuíam processo estilóide alongado, que tinham o comprimento de 45 mm do lado direito e 43 mm do lado esquerdo no crânio 1 e 41 mm do lado esquerdo e 39 mm do lado direito no crânio 2. Desse modo, as medidas dos comprimentos das apófises estilóides encontradas possuem um tamanho acima da média dos relatados na literatura, o que sugere que esse processo estilóide anômalo estaria comprimindo as estruturas adjacentes e causando sintomatologia clínica compatível com a Síndrome de Eagle. O conhecimento sobre a patologia, bem como suas manifestações clínicas pode favorecer a suspeita da doença pelos profissionais médicos.

Prevalence and characterization of the elongated styloid process in a population of southern Brazil

“…The cases in which the elongated styloid process was presented bilaterally were more prevalent in our study (54%) and, although no statistically significant difference was observed, this finding is in agreement with several other studies found in the literature, where the authors state that when comparing the affected side, taking into account the form of unilateral or bilateral involvement, the highest prevalence observed occurs in the bilateral form (SOUZA et al, 2020;ALZAREA, 2017;MUÑOZ-LEIJA et al, 2020;BUYUK;GUNDUZ;AVSEVER, 2018;CHU et al, 2022;CAVALCANTE et al, 2017;GRACCO et al, 2017;GUIMARÃES et al, 2010;CARVALHO et al, 2021). However, although in smaller numbers, there is also a report in the literature of a study conducted where the form of unilateral involvement was more prevalent (GOVINDARAJALU; SHARMA; PARSANA, 2020), as well as a study where no predilection for the uni or bilateral form was observed (SOUZA et al, 2020).…”

“…The apex of the styloid process reaches the posterior edge of the mandible ramus serving as support to the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeal, and styloglossal muscles (ALZAREA, 2017;PEREIRA et al, 2022;SAMPAIO et al, 2021;SOUZA et al, 2020). In it are still inserted the stylohyoid ligaments (which connect the styloid process to the hyoid bone, and the stylo-mandibular ligament) that extends to the angle of the mandible (BORGES et al, 2021;FERNANDES et al, 2016;GUIMARÃES et al, 2010;GRACCO et al, 2017;LINDENBLATT et al, 2018;MUÑOZ-LEIJA et al, 2020).…”

“…Although the length of the styloid process varies between 25 mm and 30 mm (ALZAREA, 2017;BRUNO et al, 2022;BORGES et al, 2021;DUARTE-CELADA et al, 2021;MUÑOZ-LEIJA et al, 2020;SOUZA et al, 2020;WOLINSKA et al, 2021), several authors state that it can be considered elongated when it is larger than 25 mm (OKADA et al, 2022;SAMPAIO et al, 2021; SANCHEZ-LEGAZA; REPETTO-LOPEZ; GALLEGO-GALLEGOS; 2017), which can occur unilaterally or bilaterally (BRUNO et al, 2022;SHAYGANFAR et al, 2018). According to Guimarães et al (2010), this prolongation may also be accompanied by calcification of the stylohyoid and stylo-mandibular ligament, which may cause symptoms such as craniofacial and cervical pain.…”

“…The styloid process is a thin bone projection that measures approximately 25 mm in length, originating in the temporal bone, anterior and medially to the stylomastoid foramen, from where the facial nerve arises (BRUNO et al, 2022;CAVALCANTE et al, 2017;GUIMARÃES et al, 2010;HANDEM et al, 2016;LINDENBLATT et al, 2018;Martello et al, 2019;Millán et al, 2019;NUNES et al, 2021;ÖZTAS;ORHAN;2012;PEREIRA et al, 2022;PIGACHE et al, 2018;RAFARE;CHAGAS;SAMPAIO et al, 2021). Amid this process are still located important structures such as the internal jugular vein, external and internal carotid artery, and the vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves (BALDINO et al, 2020;MUÑOZ-LEIJA et al, 2020;NUNES et al, 2021;PEREIRA et al, 2022;SAMPAIO et al, 2021;SOUZA et al, 2020).…”