Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

Trevejo, Rosalie T.; Barr, Margaret C.; Robinson, Robert A.

doi:10.1051/vetres:2005011

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…2,3 Pet ownership, and the species involved, in households with immunocompro-mised children and children aged less than 5 years are similar to households with immunocompetent children. 2,3 Recommendations for animal ownership and contact have been published for patients in highrisk groups, 5,8,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and additional guidelines are Box 3: Suggestions for reducing transmission of zoonotic pathogens from pets to patients at high risk…”

Section: Immunocompromised Patients or Other Patients At Increased Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections

Stull

Brophy

Weese³

2015

CMAJ

113

107

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Section: Immunocompromised Patients or Other Patients At Increased Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections

Stull

Brophy

Weese³

2015

CMAJ

113

107

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“…In addition to economic losses, diarrhoea in livestock is very important because of the public health implications. Numerous infectious agents causing diarrhoea in animals are zoonotic and have been associated with food-borne diseases (Trevejo et al, 2005). The diarrheal cause may be bacteria, virus, parasites and other etiological agents while E.coli is getting recognized as leading cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Pathogenic <i>Escherichia Coli</i> from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

Islam¹,

Rahman²,

Nahar³

et al. 2015

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Molecular technique was used to investigate the prevalence of virulent diarrheic genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A hundred samples from 100 different diarrheic calves from mid-north-western part of Bangladesh were screened for the presence of virulence factors associated with diarrhea. Following isolation and identification on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, the presence of the virulence genes such as eaeA, bfpA, elt, est, stx1 and stx2 were examined using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 57 E. coli was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 8 antimicrobial agents. Out of 100 samples 57 (57%) were found to be positive for E. coli and their distribution rates according to their age, breed and sex were 66.7% ( 6 days old ), 85.7% (Sahiwal breed) and in 64.2 % (female calves) respectively. Among 57 E. coli isolates, only 16 isolates were analyzed for the detection of the said genes. Among them, only eaeA gene was detected in 2 E. coli isolates (12.5 %). Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that Oxacillin, Rifampicin and Penicillin were 100% resistant followed by Erythromycin which was more than 80% resistant. In case of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, about 59.65% and 61.40% were found to be resistant respectively whereas all 57 E. coli isolates showed moderately susceptible (30%) to Cefuroxime, a second generation Cephalosporin. Therefore, none of the eight antimicrobials studied can not be recommended as single best therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. In addition, this study indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to mainly Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which was atypical (only contained the eaeA genes but not bfpA). However, further studies are necessary to characterize the isolated eaeA gene positive E. coli by serotyping, tissue culture assay and other molecular techniques to find out the potentiality of those virulent genes contributing pathogenicity of E. coli causing diarrhea in calves.

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“…In addition to economic losses, diarrhoea in livestock is important because of the public health implications. Numerous infectious agents causing diarrhoea in animals are zoonotic and have been associated with food-borne diseases (Trevejo et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

Herrera-Luna¹,

Klein²,

Lapan³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Faecal samples from 230 diarrhoeic and healthy calves aged 0-6 weeks, from 100 farms in Austria, were examined between October 2004 and February 2005 for the presence of bacteria, especially Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), viruses and parasites. Escherichia coli was detected in 17% of all the faecal samples and was more prevalent in healthy calves. However, E. coli F5 was identified only in one calf without diarrhoea. Overall, 35 out of the 230 (15.2%) samples analyzed carried the Shiga toxin gene: stx1, stx2 or both stx1 and stx2 in their faeces, STEC. Nevertheless, out of 39 pathogenic E. coli positive samples observed, only two carried the Shiga toxin genes: stx1, in a diarrhoeic calf and both stx1 and stx2 in a healthy calf. eaeA and Ehly genes were detected more frequently in the strains from diarrhoeic calves 57.1% and 50.0%, respectively. Clostridium perfringens was detected in twenty-one samples, the most prevalent toxin type of Clostridium perfringens was found to be type A (76.2%). Other bacteria such as Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. were present in 1.3% and 0.4% of all samples. Salmonella spp. was not detected. The detection rates of other enteropathogens were 25.7% bovine coronavirus, 11.7% Cryptosporidium spp., 10.4% Eimeria spp., 9.1% group A rotavirus and Giardia spp. 6.1%. We demonstrated the presence of the STEC virulence genes in healthy and diarrhoeic Austrian calves but the importance of the virulence factors of STEC (stx1, stx2, eae and Ehly) in calf diarrhoea and systemic disease is not well defined. Therefore, further studies are necessary to identify reservoirs or potential sources of virulent STEC strains in order to establish control and prevention strategies for STEC associated diseases in animals and humans.

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Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised

Cited by 71 publications

References 97 publications

Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections

Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections

Investigation of Pathogenic <i>Escherichia Coli</i> from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

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