Important role of the eyes controlling the locomotor rhythm in quail

Konishi, Hidehiko; Ohta, Mitsuaki; Homma, Kyoji

doi:10.1080/09291018509359888

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Presumably, this clock is responsible for driving a number of other intraocular rhythms as well. In addition, enucleation severely disrupts the locomotor activity rhythm of Japanese quail both in LD and DD Underwood et al 1990b;Konishi et al 1985). In the pigeon, enucleation also renders birds arrhythmic in DD, but only if enucleation is combined with pinealectomy (Oshima et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in Japanese quail

Underwood

1994

J Comp Physiol A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Japanese quail exhibit a robust circadian rhythm in body temperature. This rhythm is readily entrainable by 24 h light-dark (LD) cycles and persists under constant conditions. Because both the pineal organ and the eyes have been implicated as major components of the circadian system of birds, the role of these organs in generating the rhythm of body temperature was investigated. Pinealectomy, when performed alone, had little effect on the body temperature rhythm of quail either under LD or under constant darkness (DD). Most birds subjected to optic nerve section alone remained rhythmic in DD although the "robustness" of the rhythm was decreased, and 25% became arrhythmic. Birds subjected to both pinealectomy and optic nerve section behaved similarly to birds subjected to optic nerve section alone. However, complete eye removal, when performed alone or in combination with pinealectomy, caused all birds to become arrhythmic in DD. The data support the hypothesis that the eyes are the loci of circadian pacemakers in quail that act, via both neural and hormonal outputs, to preserve the integrity of (self-sustaining or damped) circadian oscillators located elsewhere.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in Japanese quail

Underwood

1994

J Comp Physiol A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Japanese quail, neither pinealectomy nor administration of melatonin via silastic capsules had any effect on the circadian locomotor activity, but the effects of lesion within the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus were similar to those which follow the ablation of SCN in sparrows (Simpson and Follett 1981). More recently, some investigators (Konishi et al 1985;Underwood et al 1990a, b) reported that the eyes are a major component of the quail circadian systems, since ocular enucleation disrupted the free-running locomotor activity rhythms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Circadian rhythms of corneal mitotic rate, retinal melatonin and immunoreactive visual pigments, and the effects of melatonin on the rhythms in the Japanese quail

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated circadian ocular rhythms in the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. The birds were placed under light-dark cycles (LD 12:12), constant light (LL) and constant darkness (DD), and the retinas were dissected out at four-hour intervals throughout 24 h. Following measurements were performed. (1) Melatonin content in the retina was measured by radioimmunoassay. It was low in light and several folds higher in darkness under LD 12:12. The rhythm continued in DD, but disappeared in LL. (2) Mitotic figures in the corneal epithelium were counted. Similar rhythms to the melatonin content were observed in the corneal mitotic rate with a slight phase delay. (3) The retinas were fixed at 4-h intervals and immunostained with anti-bovine rhodopsin serum and anti-chicken iodopsin monoclonal antibodies. The outer segments of photoreceptor cells were stained intensively throughout 24 h in LD 12:12, LL and DD. In contrast, the stainability of the locus close to the outer limiting membrane where the Golgi apparatus exists changed diurnally. Scores showing the ratio of cells with positive staining indicated high values from 4 h after the onset of light to the beginning of dark phase under LD 12:12. The values were high throughout 24 h in LL and intermediate or low in DD. (4) To investigate the effect of melatonin on the corneal mitotic rate and visual pigments at the Golgi region, melatonin was injected into one eye and saline into the contralateral eye. Melatonin induced a phase advance in the corneal mitotic rate under LD 12:12, but did not induce a rhythm under LL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

show abstract

“…Among the various candidates for other system components are the retinae, which are known to produce circadian rhythms in melatonin synthesis independent of the pineal gland (Binkley et al 1979;Foil and Menaker 1988). Combination of pinealectomy and ocular enucleation results in arrhythmicity analogous to the situation with passerines which have been pinealectomized alone (Ebihara et al 1984;Konishi et al 1984;, suggesting retinal melatonin rhythms may contribute to circadian rhythm generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypothalamic regulation of circadian noradrenergic input to the chick pineal gland

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While the avian pineal gland contains circadian oscillators and photoreceptors capable of producing circadian rhythms of the hormone melatonin, it is extensively innervated by post-ganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglia which release norepinephrine (NE) rhythmically. Norepinephrine turnover is higher during subjective day than during subjective night. In mammals, this rhythmic input, which is higher in subjective night than subjective day, derives from the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and is essential for rhythmic melatonin production. The present study was designed to determine whether one of two candidates for the avian homologue of the mammalian SCN is necessary for rhythmic NE turnover in the chick pineal gland. Either electrolytic lesions or sham lesions were delivered to the periventricular preoptic nuclei (PPN) or to the visual suprachiasmatic nucleus (vSCN). After recovery, the rates of decline in [NE] were determined following pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, at mid-subjective day or at mid-subjective night. Birds receiving sham surgeries in either PPN or vSCN and birds receiving lesions of the PPN exhibited rhythmicity in NE turnover. No rhythm of NE turnover could be determined in birds with ablated vSCN.

show abstract

Important role of the eyes controlling the locomotor rhythm in quail

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

The circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in Japanese quail

The circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in Japanese quail

Circadian rhythms of corneal mitotic rate, retinal melatonin and immunoreactive visual pigments, and the effects of melatonin on the rhythms in the Japanese quail

Hypothalamic regulation of circadian noradrenergic input to the chick pineal gland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About