Important roles of Fischer–Tropsch synfuels in the global energy future

Takeshita, Takayuki; Yamaji, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.044

Cited by 133 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thirdly, synfuels are of high quality (this is especially true for FT diesel), have a very high cetane number and are free of sulfur, nitrogen, aromatics, and other contaminants typically found in petroleum products. The principal drawbacks of the FT process are that the capital cost of FT-conversion plants is relatively high and that the energy efficiency for the production of FT liquids by conventional techniques is lower than the energy efficiency for the production of alternative fuels (Takeshita & Yamaji, 2008). …”

Section: Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, hydrogen can be produced from another fuel (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel, gasoline, or synfuel) via onboard reformers (hydrogen fuel processors). This is probably the best solution because synfuel can be produced from local feedstocks through the Fischer-Tropsch process, transported and distributed through existing technologies and infrastructures (Agrawal et al, 2007;Takeshita & Yamaji, 2008). This consideration also applies to biofuels.…”

Section: Biohydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Carels¹

2011

Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology

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Section: Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biohydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Carels¹

2011

Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology

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“…The CO product in Eq. 7 is of interest as a component of syngas, a hydrogen/CO mixture for methanol synthesis (8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Splitting CO ₂ into CO and O ₂ by a single catalyst

Chen

Concepcion

Brennaman

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

180

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The metal complex ½ðtpyÞðMebim-pyÞRu II ðSÞ 2þ (tpy ¼ 2,2 0 : 6 0 ,2 0 0 -terpyridine; Mebim-py ¼ 3-methyl-1-pyridylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene; S ¼ solvent) is a robust, reactive electrocatalyst toward both water oxidation to oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction to carbon monoxide. Here we describe its use as a single electrocatalyst for CO 2 splitting, CO 2 → CO þ 1∕2 O 2 , in a two-compartment electrochemical cell.artificial photosynthesis | polypyridyl Ru complexes | proton coupled electron transfer | single-site catalysis | solar fuels R ising energy prices, diminishing reserves of petroleum, and environmental concerns are driving new thinking about our energy future. Given its availability, with approximately 10,000 times the daily energy input required to meet current energy consumption, solar energy could be the ultimate answer. However, solar energy is diffuse, spread over the earth's surface, and requires vast collection areas for large-scale applications (1). A more difficult challenge is the intermittency of the sun as an energy source. Meeting the challenge of providing power at night will require energy storage on massive scales at levels exceeding the ability of existing or foreseeable energy storage technologies (2, 3). The only realistic alternative is energy storage in chemical bonds and the increasingly popular concept of "solar fuels." Solar fuels mimic natural photosynthesis in using solar energy and artificial photosynthesis to convert readily available sources, water and carbon dioxide, into highenergy fuels. Target reactions include water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen and reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, other oxygenates, or hydrocarbons (Eqs. 1-3), as follows:Carrying out these reactions presents a major challenge in chemical reactivity given their multiphoton, multielectron, multiatom character. It is reassuring that similar hurdles have been overcome in natural photosynthesis, in which light-driven reduction of CO 2 to carbohydrates by water occurs (Eq. 4). However, photosynthesis in green plants took 2-3 billion years to evolve and utilizes a complex architecture that utilizes thousands and thousands of atoms and multiple integrated assemblies (4, 5).A simplifying factor, suggesting a mechanistic approach, comes with recognition that the target energy storage reactions can be split into constituent "half reactions" which are shown for CO 2 splitting in Eqs. 5 and 6. Photosynthesis in green plants occurs in the thylakoid membrane and uses physically separated molecular assemblies for light-driven water oxidation (Photosystem II) and CO 2 reduction (Photosystem I and the Calvin cycle) (6, 7). Electron/proton equilibration occurs by intra-or transmembrane electron/proton transfer channels driven by free energy gradients.Application of a "half-reaction" strategy in artificial photosynthesis poses similar challenges. In both water oxidation and CO 2 reduction, mechanisms involving one-electron reactions are energetically untenable. They result in • OH on oxidation or CO 2•− o...

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“…Takeshita and Yamaji [32] ran a linear cost-minimizing energy model with a CO 2 stabilization target of 550 ppm by the year 2100 and with a business as usual scenario. For the 550 ppm scenario, they reported substantial (approximately 25% in 2100) use of BTL technology, while CTL/GTL was dominant for business as usual in 2100.…”

Section: Co 2 Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Mobility: Using a Global Energy Model to Inform Vehicle Technology Choices in a Decarbonized Economy

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The reduction of CO 2 emissions associated with vehicle use is an important element of a global transition to sustainable mobility and is a major long-term challenge for society. Vehicle and fuel technologies are part of a global energy system, and assessing the impact of the availability of clean energy technologies and advanced vehicle technologies on sustainable mobility is a complex task. The global energy transition (GET) model accounts for interactions between the different energy sectors, and we illustrate its use to inform vehicle technology choices in a decarbonizing economy. The aim of this study is to assess how uncertainties in future vehicle technology cost, as well as how developments in other energy sectors, affect cost-effective fuel and vehicle technology choices. Given the uncertainties in future costs and efficiencies for light-duty vehicle and fuel technologies, there is no clear fuel/vehicle technology winner that can be discerned at the present time. We conclude that a portfolio approach with research and development of multiple fuel and vehicle technology pathways is the best way forward to achieve the desired result of affordable and sustainable personal mobility. The practical ramifications of this analysis are illustrated in the portfolio approach to providing sustainable mobility adopted by the Ford Motor Company.

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Important roles of Fischer–Tropsch synfuels in the global energy future

Cited by 133 publications

References 11 publications

The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Splitting CO ₂ into CO and O ₂ by a single catalyst

Sustainable Mobility: Using a Global Energy Model to Inform Vehicle Technology Choices in a Decarbonized Economy

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Important roles of Fischer–Tropsch synfuels in the global energy future

Cited by 133 publications

References 11 publications

The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Splitting CO 2 into CO and O 2 by a single catalyst

Sustainable Mobility: Using a Global Energy Model to Inform Vehicle Technology Choices in a Decarbonized Economy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Splitting CO ₂ into CO and O ₂ by a single catalyst