Important Technical Considerations in Design of Battery Chargers of Electric Vehicles

Bayati, Mahdi; Abedi, Mehrdad; Farahmandrad, Maryam; Gharehpetian, Gevork B.; Tehrani, Kambiz

doi:10.3390/en14185878

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The auxiliary loads are incorporated with systems for comfort, lighting, and safety. Maximum voltage of the battery is checked by using braking resistor during regenerative braking [41]. From the figure, thick lines represent the high voltage DC bus and dotted lines represented the low voltage DC bus.…”

Section: Modeling Of Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Intelligent Bidirectional Charging Strategy Based on Recurrent Neural Network Accosting EMI and Temperature Effects for Electric Vehicle

et al. 2022

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Transportation is currently advancing towards Electric Vehicle (EV) technology. This paper presents a brief and systematic analysis of the real-time issues obtained in Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the various ranges of energy storage devices. In general, EV energy management system is integrated with power electronic circuits for effective power conversion and reliable operation. Some issues are addressed while using the batteries in EV systems such as charging time, efficiency of battery, and raw materials. Not only battery issues but also real-time non-technical issues and operational issues are also discussed in this paper. During energy conversion with power electronic circuits, the system attains extreme temperature levels which in turn reduces the performance of the system. To maintain an optimum temperature level, it is important to study the temperature effect of the system at the most prior levels. Due to the adaption of power electronic components, some extent of noise is generated, technically treated as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), as system capacity increases the EMI content also improved proportionately. Therefore, to mitigate the EMI effect, the low pass filter-based EMI filter is introduced in the system such that the noise level is suppressed. Bidirectional Charging System (BCS) is one of the emerging technologies in EV to obtain autonomous power supply systems in the form of Vehicle to Grid (V2G), Grid to Vehicle (G2V), and Vehicle to Load (V2L). To know the behaviour of BCS the proposed RNN controller is employed and is compared with ANN bidirectional charging model. BCS charging system with RNN controller has better dynamic response to exchange the power via DC/DC converter and AC/DC converter as compared to ANN controller.

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Section: Modeling Of Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a design perspective, EV manufacturers recognized the Chargeable batteries, so that discharge batteries can be replaced with fully charged ones. The Charging station can arrange to charge their batteries at off-peak hours when the power tariff is lower [45].…”

Section: ) Charging Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Intelligent Bidirectional Charging Strategy Based on Recurrent Neural Network Accosting EMI and Temperature Effects for Electric Vehicle

et al. 2022

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“…This sulphur can be removed from plate with the help of high frequency current pulses. This feature is absent in conventional charger due to unavailability of high frequency power (7) . E. Protection system for charger -Over current and short circuit are major cause for failure of charger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Examination of Switch Mode Power Supply based Battery Charger for Electric Vehicle.

Jagtap¹,

Desai²,

Holmukhe³

2022

IJST

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Objectives: The study's primary goal is to investigate a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)-based battery charger for electric vehicles (EV) and compare the use of various charging techniques. Methods: This study provides ideas for the requirements of an SMPS-based battery charger; design and development of the charger; and operation of the charger with different charging techniques. Further, the development of the proposed charger, its testing and performance examination are carried out. This study also gives details about circuit components; circuit selection criteria of an SMPS-based battery charger; charging methods; and technical specifications of the charger. Verification and testing of the proposed charger is also done with the help of a 24 V battery. Findings: It is found that the proposed battery charger can be more advantageous than conventional battery chargers in a variety of ways, including improved efficiency (nearly 88%), light weight, better protection (reverse battery connection, short circuit, overload), and reliable operation (no need to monitor, automatic cut off, and so on). Novelty: Work was done for the development of an SMPS-based battery charger to eliminate existing issues as mentioned in the findings with traditional charger systems. The proposed charger helps to eliminate the sulfation effect on lead acid batteries to improve battery life (50-100 cycles). It helps to not only promote the "Made in India" scheme but also mass adoption of electric vehicles.

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“…However, integrating those techniques into a commercial battery charger is not an option due to its complicated control algorithm [12]. In [15,16], the design of different battery chargers for EVs was introduced using some particular aspects of power electronics in the EV battery charger design. It was stated that one of the main challenges in the design was limiting the current ripple to not exceed 10% according to the standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a New Intelligent Charging Controller for Off-Board Electric Vehicles Using PV Standalone System Represented by a Small-Scale Lithium-Ion Battery

2022

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Electric vehicles are rapidly infiltrating the power grid worldwide, initiating an immediate need for a smart charging technique to maintain the stability and robustness of the charging process despite the generation type. Renewable energy sources (RESs), especially photovoltaic (PV), are becoming the essential source for electric vehicle charging points. The stochastic behavior of the PV output power affects the power conversion for regulating the battery charger voltage levels, which influences the battery to overheat and degrade. This study presents a PV standalone smart charging process for off-board plug-in electric vehicles, represented by a small-scale lithium-ion battery based on the multistage charging currents (MSCC) protocol. The charger comprises a DC–DC buck converter controlled by an artificial neural network predictive controller (NNPC), trained and supported by the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM). The LSTM network model was utilized in the offline forecasting of the PV output power, which was fed to the NNPC as the training data. Additionally, it was used as an alarm flag for any possible PV output shortage during the charging process in the long- and short-term prediction to be supported by any other electricity source. The NNPC–LSTM controller was compared with the fuzzy logic and the conventional PID controllers while varying the input voltage and implementing the MSCC protocol. The proposed charging controller perfectly ensured that the minimum battery terminal voltage ripple and charging current ripple reached 1 mV and 1 mA, respectively, with a very high-speed response of 1 ms in reaching the predetermined charging current stages. The present simulated and experimental results are in good agreement with the previous related work in the literature survey.

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Important Technical Considerations in Design of Battery Chargers of Electric Vehicles

Cited by 19 publications

References 97 publications

Emerging Intelligent Bidirectional Charging Strategy Based on Recurrent Neural Network Accosting EMI and Temperature Effects for Electric Vehicle

Emerging Intelligent Bidirectional Charging Strategy Based on Recurrent Neural Network Accosting EMI and Temperature Effects for Electric Vehicle

Development and Performance Examination of Switch Mode Power Supply based Battery Charger for Electric Vehicle.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a New Intelligent Charging Controller for Off-Board Electric Vehicles Using PV Standalone System Represented by a Small-Scale Lithium-Ion Battery

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