Imported Cutaneous Diphtheria, United Kingdom

Benoist, Anne Claire De; White, Joanne; Efstratiou, Androulla; Kelly, C; Mann, Ginder; Nazareth, Bernadette; Irish, Charles; Kumar, Deepti; Crowcroft, Natasha S.

doi:10.3201/eid1003.030524

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Consistent with previous reports, cultures were predominantly polymicrobial, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes being the most common copathogens (8). MRSA was cultured in 9.1% of wounds, an unexpected finding as 43% of culture-positive wounds from DTES residents harbored MRSA (17).…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

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Cutaneous Diphtheria in the Urban Poor Population of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: a 10-Year Review

2011

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Between 1998 and 2007, records from 33 patients with cutaneous diphtheria from Vancouver's inner city were reviewed. Cases were associated with injection drug use and poverty. Coinfections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum occurred. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is endemic in Vancouver's urban core, with strains of multilocus sequence type (MLST) 76 predominating.

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supporting

confidence: 74%

“…Both toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains have been observed in cutaneous diphtheria (8,15). Colonization may serve as a reservoir for potentially invasive disease (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Diphtheria in the Urban Poor Population of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: a 10-Year Review

2011

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“…In the intradermal-injection system of Barksdale et al, physical invasion was used to aid the entry of the bacteria into host tissue. The model reflects one of the major forms of human diphtheria, cutaneous diphtheria, as sometimes associated with physical invasion, such as that due to insect bites (12). Experimental infection models for several Corynebacterium species of veterinary importance (C. kutscheri [8], C. bovis [28], and C. pseudotuberculosis [47]) also employ physical invasion mechanisms, including intradermal injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Organization and Pathogenicity ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaeC7(−) and PW8 Strains

Iwaki¹,

Komiya²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 2010

Infect Immun

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria. In 2003, the complete genomic nucleotide sequence of an isolate (NCTC13129) from a large outbreak in the former Soviet Union was published, in which the presence of 13 putative pathogenicity islands (PAIs) was demonstrated. In contrast, earlier work on diphtheria mainly employed the C7(؊) strain for genetic analysis; therefore, current knowledge of the molecular genetics of the bacterium is limited to that strain. However, genomic information on the NCTC13129 strain has scarcely been compared to strain C7(؊). Another important C. diphtheriae strain is Park-Williams no. 8 (PW8), which has been the only major strain used in toxoid vaccine production and for which genomic information also is not available. Here, we show by comparative genomic hybridization that at least 37 regions from the reference genome, including 11 of the 13 PAIs, are considered to be absent in the C7(؊) genome. Despite this, the C7(؊) strain still retained signs of pathogenicity, showing a degree of adhesion to Detroit 562 cells, as well as the formation of and persistence in abscesses in animal skin comparable to that of the NCTC13129 strain. In contrast, the PW8 strain, suggested to lack 14 genomic regions, including 3 PAIs, exhibited more reduced signs of pathogenicity. These results, together with great diversity in the presence of the 37 genomic regions among various C. diphtheriae strains shown by PCR analyses, suggest great heterogeneity of this pathogen, not only in genome organization, but also in pathogenicity.

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“…diphtheriae in skin lesions in a less-recognized demographic group-travelers from tropical destinations. [4][5][6][7][8] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the Returned Tropical Traveler

2014

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Imported Cutaneous Diphtheria, United Kingdom

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

Cutaneous Diphtheria in the Urban Poor Population of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: a 10-Year Review

Cutaneous Diphtheria in the Urban Poor Population of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: a 10-Year Review

Genome Organization and Pathogenicity ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaeC7(−) and PW8 Strains

Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the Returned Tropical Traveler

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