Imported Histoplasmosis: Two Distinct Profiles in Travelers and Immigrants: Table 1

Norman, Francesca; Martín‐Dávila, Pilar; Fortün, Jesús; Dronda, Fernando; Quereda, Carmen; Sánchez‐Sousa, A.; López‐Vélez, Rogelio

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00311.x

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Table 3 shows cases related to international travel but not immigration 91–106 . Sleeping outdoors or spelunking (where bats are present) are associated with the development of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis among tourists.…”

Section: Travel Immigration and Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis Infections Worldwide: Thinking Outside of the Ohio River Valley

et al. 2015

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In the United States, histoplasmosis is generally thought to occur mainly in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys, and the classic map of histoplasmosis distribution reflecting this is second nature to many U.S. physicians. With the advent of the HIV pandemic reports of patients with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS came from regions of known endemicity, as well as from regions not thought to be endemic for histoplasmosis throughout the world. In addition, our expanding armamentarium of immunosuppressive medications and biologics has increased the diagnosis of histoplasmosis worldwide. While our knowledge of areas in which histoplasmosis is endemic has improved, it is still incomplete. Our contention is that physicians should consider histoplasmosis with the right constellations of symptoms in any febrile patient with immune suppression, regardless of geographic location or travel history.

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Section: Travel Immigration and Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis Infections Worldwide: Thinking Outside of the Ohio River Valley

et al. 2015

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“…On the basis of histoplasmin skin test studies, it has been estimated that up to 20% of travelers returning from Latin America may have had contact with Histoplasma (Norman et al, 2009). Activities related to cave exploration, or exposure to soils enriched in nitrogen from bats and birds droppings are the common denominator of up to 29.4% cases of imported histoplasmosis (Kamei et al, 2003;Ashbee et al, 2008).…”

Section: Histoplasmosis In Non-endemic Countries: the Extent Of The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis in Non-endemic Countries: A Laboratory Challenge

Buitrago

Martín-Gómez

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Human histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by the inhalation of microconidia of the thermally dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum. Autochthonous cases of histoplasmosis have been diagnosed in almost every country, but it is considered an endemic infection in specific areas of the world. Many of them are popular travel destinations or the source of migratory movements. Thus, the vast majority of the registered cases in non-endemic countries are imported. They correspond to people having been exposed to the fungus in endemic locations as immigrants, expatriates, transient workers or tourists, with reported cases also associated to organ donation. Misdiagnosis and delays in initiation of treatment are not uncommon in cases of imported histoplasmosis. They are associated to high fatality-rates specially in patients with compromised cellular immunity in which progressive disseminated forms develop. The diagnosis of this infection in non-endemic countries is hampered by the lack of clinical suspicion and a dearth of available diagnostic tools adequate to offer rapid and accurate results. Non-culture-based assays such as nucleic-acid amplification tests present as a suitable alternative in this situation, offering improved sensitivity and specificity, shortened turnaround time, and increased biosafety by avoiding culture manipulation. In non-endemic regions, molecular techniques are being used mainly in laboratories from countries that have registered an increase in the incidence of imported cases. However, the number of published techniques is limited and lack consensus. Efforts are currently under way to standardize nucleic acid amplificationbased techniques for its implementation in areas registering a rising number of imported cases.

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“…4,7 In recent years, a growing number of cases of histoplasmosis, both sporadic and in clusters, have been reported in travelers. 4,6,[8][9][10][11] This rise in apparent cases of histoplasmosis may be the result of increased international travel, and probably increased awareness among medical practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%