Imported leishmaniasis in travelers: a 7-year retrospective from a Parisian hospital in France

Aissaoui, Nesrine; Hamane, Samia; Gits-Muselli, Maud; Petit, Antoine; Benderdouche, M.; Denis, Blandine; Alanio, Alexandre; Dellière, Sarah; Bagot, Martine; Bretagne, Stéphane

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06631-5

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In our study, we found 21 pediatric CL cases in Eskişehir, which were not endemic leishmaniasis. This, in parallel with the recent literature, supports that the frequency of CL cases has increased in non-endemic regions after wars and migrations (11,12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Pediatrik Kutanöz Leishmania Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi

KARA,

KIZIL,

İŞERİ NEPESOV

et al. 2023

Osmangazi̇ Journal of Medicine

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a disease caused by leishmania-type protozoans, which is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies and is characterized by ulcerated nodular lesions. Twenty-one pediatric cutaneous leishmania cases followed by pediatric infectious diseases and dermatology were included in the study. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the local or systemic treatments, and side effects were analyzed retrospectively. 14 (66%) of the patients were female and 7 (34%) were male. The mean age of the cases was 6.4 years. Fifteen of the patients were refugees (seven of the patients were from Iraq, and eight of them were from Syria). Ten of the patients ( 47%) had lesions only on the face, 6 (28%) were both on the face and hand, 4 (20%) were on the lower extremities. Seven patients (34%) had a single lesion, fourteen had multiple lesions and seven had more than four lesions. Amastigote was observed in the microbiological examination of skin scraping samples of 13 patients. Intralesional therapy was given to 15 patients, systemic treatment was given to 6 patients, and 2 patients refused systemic treatment. Five patient was given meglumine antimoniate, one patient was given amphotericin B. In one patient, side effects such as facial swelling, rash, and edema developed after amphotericin b, and the treatment was changed to meglumine antimoniate. Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. especially in endemic countries. CL has become a relatively common condition all over the world due to international travel, migration, and refugees. Cutaneous Leishmania should be considered when there are chronic, painless skin lesions outside of endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Pediatrik Kutanöz Leishmania Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi

KARA,

KIZIL,

İŞERİ NEPESOV

et al. 2023

Osmangazi̇ Journal of Medicine

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“…Moreover, case notification may vary within countries, judging by the marked differences in HumL incidence in some close by regions. There was evidence for increasing incidence of CL in later years, which is in line with rising rates of migration from and travelling of Europeans to endemic countries [ 155 , 156 ]. This typically benign clinical form is often treated at primary health centers and private clinics and may indeed be extensively underreported [ 157 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The estimated distribution of autochthonous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in Europe in 2005–2020

et al. 2023

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Background This study describes the spatial and temporal distribution between 2005 and 2020 of human and animal leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in European countries reporting autochthonous cases, and highlights potential activities to improve disease control. Methodology/Principal findings It was based on a review of the scientific literature and data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Ministries of Health, including hospital discharges in some countries. Autochthonous infections were reported in the scientific literature from 22 countries, including 13 and 21 countries reporting human and animal infections, respectively. In contrast, only 17 countries reported autochthonous human leishmaniasis cases to the WHO and 8 countries animal infections to the WOAH. The number of WOAH reported cases were 4,203, comprising 4,183 canine cases and 20 cases in wildlife. Of 8,367 WHO reported human cases, 69% were visceral leishmaniasis cases—of which 94% were autochthonous—and 31% cutaneous leishmaniasis cases—of which 53% were imported and mostly in France. The resulting cumulative incidence per 100,000 population of visceral leishmaniasis between 2005–2020, was highest in Albania (2.15 cases), followed by Montenegro, Malta, Greece, Spain and North Macedonia (0.53–0.42), Italy (0.16), Portugal (0.09) and lower in other endemic countries (0.07–0.002). However, according to hospital discharges, the estimated human leishmaniasis incidence was 0.70 in Italy and visceral leishmaniasis incidences were 0.67 in Spain and 0.41 in Portugal. Conclusions/Significance Overall, there was no evidence of widespread increased incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis by L. infantum in European countries. Visceral leishmaniasis incidence followed a decreasing trend in Albania, Italy and Portugal, and peaked in Greece in 2013, 2014 and 2017, and in Spain in 2006–2007 and 2011–2013. Animal and human cutaneous leishmaniasis remain highly underreported. In humans, hospital discharge databases provide the most accurate information on visceral leishmaniasis and may be a valuable indirect source of information to identify hotspots of animal leishmaniasis. Integrated leishmaniasis surveillance and reporting following the One Health approach, needs to be enhanced in order to improve disease control.

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“…Most cases are reported in Brazil, India, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya,5 but cases are also increasing in non-endemic regions23 for reasons including refugee travel from endemic countries; the breakdown of health, housing, and sanitation infrastructure due to global unrest23; and climate changes, including rising temperatures and humidity, which promote increases in sandfly numbers. Increasing international travel also leads to leishmaniasis being increasingly reported in travellers returning to non-endemic countries 13. For example, in a statistical analysis of the serum and risk factor data of 200 US soldiers who travelled to Iraq between 2002 and 2011, the prevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (positive laboratory test result but absent clinical manifestations) was 19.5% 14.…”

Section: What Is the Epidemiology?mentioning

confidence: 99%