Imported Malaria in Poland 2003 to 2011: Implications of Different Travel Patterns

Stępień, Małgorzata; Rosińska, Magdalena

doi:10.1111/jtm.12109

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Tak duże różnice na niekorzyść naszego kraju były obserwowane już wcześniej. Poza strukturą populacji osób chorujących istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na przebieg kliniczny i zejście choroby jest czas podjęcia właściwego leczenia (11).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Malaria in Poland in 2014-2018

Stępień¹

2019

Przegl Epidemiol

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OBJECTIVE. Assessment of the epidemiological situation of imported malaria in Poland in 2014-2018 in comparison with the situation in previous years. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The analysis of data on malaria cases included in individual reports sent to the Department of Epidemiology of NIPH-NIH by sanitary-epidemiological stations and aggregate data published in annual bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland” was carried out. Reported cases were classified according to the criteria of the case definition applicable in EU countries (2012/506 / EU). RESULTS. In 2014-2018, a total of 141 cases of malaria were registered in Poland, all cases were imported from malaria-endemic countries. The lowest number of cases reported in 2014 (19 cases), and the highest in 2016 (38 cases), the median number of cases in the period 2014-2018 was 28 and was by 27% higher than in the previous 5-year period. The incidence in the observed period was 0.7 per 1 million population and case fatality rate 3.6% (5 deaths per 140 cases with known outcome). Patients were aged 18-74 years, median age was 38 years, males accounted for 72% of all patients. In 89% of cases, infection was acquired in African countries and Cameroon was the most frequently mentioned among countries of exposure. Species of Plasmodium was determined in 90% of invasions, of which P. falciparum accounted for 78%. Most of malaria patients registered in Poland travelled for tourism/leisure (45%, 56/124) or business (43%, 53/124). People visiting the country of origin (visiting friends and relatives, VFR) accounted for 10% of patients for whom the purpose of the trip was known. The mean time of diagnostic delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was 6 days. CONCLUSIONS. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of malaria cases in Poland compared to previous years, but the total number of cases remains low. After a few years of low fatality rate, the number of deaths due to malaria increased again, likewise the number of cases with diagnostic delays (> 3 days after the onset of symptoms) and severe disease. The obtained data indicate the need to strengthen activities that raise the awareness of travellers on available prophylaxis and need to remind primary healthcare doctors about an extended anamnesis including travel history and the consideration of malaria in diagnosing of a febrile patient.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Such large differences in deaths between Poland and other EU / EEA countries were observed earlier. In addition to the structure of population of malaria patients, an important factor affecting the clinical course and the outcome of the disease is time to start the appropriate treatment (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Poland in 2014-2018

Stępień¹

2019

Przegl Epidemiol

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“…Early treatment of malaria with an appropriate antimalarial medication is the most important factor in limiting progression to severe or complicated disease, and delayed diagnosis predicted fatal outcome and severe course of falciparum malaria. 19 In our study, the median time from illness onset to confirmation of all cases was 5 days. Fortunately, the median time from illness onset to confirmation decreased from 2005 to 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2005 to 2014

Chen

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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To summarize the changing epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, we collected data on malaria from the Chinese Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed them. A total of 2,738 malaria cases were identified in Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2014, of which 2,018 were male and 720 were female. Notably, only 7% of malaria cases were indigenous and the other cases were all imported. The number of malaria cases increased from 2005 to 2007, peaked in 2007, and then decreased from 2007 to 2011. There were no indigenous cases from 2012 to 2014. Of all cases, 68% of cases contracted Plasmodium vivax, 27% of cases contracted P. falciparum, and two cases contracted P. malariae. About 88% of malaria cases during 2005–2011 occurred yearly between May and October, but the number of malaria cases in different months during 2012–2014 was similar. The median age was 33 years, and 1,892 cases occurred in persons aged 20–50 years. The proportion of businessmen increased and the proportion of migrant laborers decreased in recent years. The median time from illness onset to confirmation of malaria cases was 5 days and it decreased from 2005 to 2014. Some epidemiological characteristics of malaria have changed, and businessmen are the emphases to surveillance in every month.

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“…Based on the data collected from the National Institute of Public Health -National Institute of Hygiene [3] as well as the data from the Department of Tropical Parasitology (the National Centre for Tropical Medicine), it was demonstrated that at least 222 Poles had malaria in the past 10 years, 28.8% of whom were treated in our centre, and that the ratio of the number of all treated malaria patients in Poland in relation to the number of patients with malaria treated in our centre is 3.47:1. According to our data, it was also revealed that other medical centres failed to report at least 42 cases of laboratory -confirmed malaria in Poles and 6 cases in foreigners to the official surveillance system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Poland, between a dozen and several dozen patients, including foreigners, suffer from malaria every year. Altogether 92 cases were registered in the years 2009-2012, including 21 cases in 2012, 14 in 2011, 35 in 2010 and 22 in 2009 [3]. Poland has officially been declared free from domestic malaria since 1963, with local transmission persisting until 1957 [4].…”

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confidence: 99%