Imported parasitic wasp helps control red gum lerp psyllid

Dahlsten, Donald L.; Daane, Kent M.; Paine, Timothy D.; Sime, Karen R.; Lawson, Andrew B.; Rowney, David L.; Roltsch, William J.; John, Andrews W.; Kabashima, John N.; Shaw, David A.; Robb, K. L.; Geisel, Pamela M; Chaney, William E.; Ingels, Chuck; Varela, L. G.; Bianchi, Mary; Taylor, Gary S.

doi:10.3733/ca.v059n04p229

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In 2001, the parasitoid, Psyllaphaegus bliteus, was released to control the psyllid (Paine and Millar 2002). This parasitoid is a specialist of G. brimblecombei in its native range in Australia where it is important in regulating psyllid populations (Dahlsten et al 2005). After release, successful establishment and population regulation by P. bliteus was found in some psyllid populations, but not in others (Dahlsten et al 2005).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parasitoid is a specialist of G. brimblecombei in its native range in Australia where it is important in regulating psyllid populations (Dahlsten et al 2005). After release, successful establishment and population regulation by P. bliteus was found in some psyllid populations, but not in others (Dahlsten et al 2005). A subsequent survey found that infection frequencies of a secondary endosymbont (Arsenophonus sp.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

et al. 2011

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The influence of humans on ecosystem dynamics has been, and continues to be, profound. Anthropogenic effects are expected to amplify as human populations continue to increase. Concern over these effects has given rise to a large number of studies focusing on impacts of human activities on individual species or on biotic community structure and composition. Lacking are studies on interactions, particularly mutualisms. Because of the role of mutualisms in ecosystem stability, such studies are critically needed if we are to begin to better understand and predict the responses of ecosystems to anthropogenic change. Most organisms are involved in at least one mutualism, and many in several. Mutualisms facilitate the ability of partners to exploit particular habitats and resources, and play a large role in determining ecological boundaries. When change disrupts, enhances, or introduces new organisms into a mutualism, the outcome and stability of the original partnership(s) is altered as are effects of the symbiosis on the community and ecosystem as a whole. In this paper, using examples from six microbe-insect mutualisms in forest and savanna settings, we showcase how varied and complex the responses of mutualisms can be to an equally varied set of anthropogenic influences. We also show how alterations of mutualisms may ramify throughout affected systems. We stress that researchers must be cognizant that many observed changes in the behaviors, abundances, and distributions of organisms due to human activities are likely to be mediated by mutualists which may alter predictions and actual outcomes in significant ways.

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Section: Anthropogenic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anthropogenic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

et al. 2011

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“…Parasitism rates of blue gum lerp psyllid were 50-100% the year after parasitoid release Paine et al 2000). Moderate control of the red gum lerp psyllid has been achieved with the parasitoid P. bliteus Dahlsten et al 2005). The statewide average parasitism of red gum lerp psyllid was 22% .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Establishment of Psyllaephagus parvus and P. perplexans as serendipitous biological control agents of Eucalyptus psyllids in southern California

2011

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The free-living lemon gum psyllid, Cryptoneossa triangula Taylor, and the lerp-forming spotted gum psyllid, Eucalyptolyma maideni Froggatt (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are invasive pests of eucalypts in California. In 2007, Psyllaephagus parvus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was discovered parasitizing spotted gum psyllids and Psyllaephagus perplexans Cockerell was collected from lemon gum psyllids. While neither parasitoid species was purposely introduced, presence of the parasitoids was significantly associated with reduced intensity and duration of population peaks for both psyllid species. Spring peaks were reduced more than fall peaks. We estimated minimum rates of parasitism from the ratio of mummies to live nymphs. Higher parasitism was recorded in coastal than inland locations during the spring, while parasitism was similar for coastal and inland populations in the fall. Logistic regression models suggest parasitoids were the determining factor of psyllid population densities, although physical parameters, such as irrigation, may affect psyllid or parasitoid populations.

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“…An encyrtid parasitoid, Psyllaephagus bliteus, has established good biological control in many parts of California (34,35). Variability in the biological control could be a result of infection of the psyllid with an endosymbiotic bacterium that appears to confer some resistance to parasitism (68).…”

Section: North Americamentioning

confidence: 98%

Native and Exotic Pests of Eucalyptus: A Worldwide Perspective

Paine

Steinbauer

Lawson³

2011

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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186

127

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Eucalyptus species, native to Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and New Guinea, are the most widely planted hardwood timber species in the world. The trees, moved around the globe as seeds, escaped the diverse community of herbivores found in their native range. However, a number of herbivore species from the native range of eucalypts have invaded many Eucalyptus-growing regions in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America in the last 30 years. In addition, there have been shifts of native species, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America, onto Eucalyptus. There are risks that these species as well as generalist herbivores from other parts of the world will invade Australia and threaten the trees in their native range. The risk to Eucalyptus plantations in Australia is further compounded by planting commercially important species outside their endemic range and shifting of local herbivore populations onto new host trees. Understanding the mechanisms underlying host specificity of Australian insects can provide insight into patterns of host range expansion of both native and exotic insects.

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Imported parasitic wasp helps control red gum lerp psyllid

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

Establishment of Psyllaephagus parvus and P. perplexans as serendipitous biological control agents of Eucalyptus psyllids in southern California

Native and Exotic Pests of Eucalyptus: A Worldwide Perspective

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