Imported Schistosomiasis in Europe: Sentinel Surveillance Data from TropNetEurop

Grobusch, Martin P.; Mühlberger, Nikolai; Jelı́nek, Tomáš; Bisoffi, Zeno; Corachán, M; Harms, Gundel; Matteelli, Alberto; Fry, Graham; Hatz, Christoph; Gjørup, Ida; Schmid, M; Knobloch, Jürgen; Puente, Sabino; Bronner, Ulf; Kapaun, Annette; Clerinx, Jan; Nielsen, Louise; Fleischer, K; Beran, Jiřı́; Cunha, Saraiva da; Schulze, Marco H.; Myrvang, Bjørn; Hellgren, Urban

doi:10.2310/7060.2003.35759

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Apart from this, imported schistosomiasis has been recognized as an emerging clinical problem in countries where the disease is not endemic. The infection affects expatriates and immigrants but also travelers, especially in association with adventure and ecotourism (9,17,23,35).…”

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Evaluation of Eight Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis

Kinkel

Dittrich

Baümer

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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ABSTRACTThe diagnosis of schistosomiasis in individuals from countries where the disease is not endemic is challenging, and few data are available on the accuracy of serological diagnosis in those patients. We evaluated the performance of eight serological assays, including four commercial kits, in the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in individuals from areas where the disease is not endemic, including six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using three different antigens, an indirect hemagglutination assay, and an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test. To analyze the assays, we used a total of 141 serum samples, with 121 derived from patients with various parasitic infections (among which were 37 cases of schistosomiasis) and 20 taken from healthy volunteers. The sensitivity values for detection of schistosomiasis cases ranged from 41% to 78% and were higher forSchistosoma mansonithan forS. haematobiuminfections. Specificity values ranged from 76% to 100%; false-positive results were most frequent for samples from patients with cestode infections. By combining two or more tests, sensitivity improved markedly and specificity decreased only moderately. Serological tests are useful instruments for diagnosing imported schistosomiasis in countries where the disease is not endemic, but due to limitations in test sensitivities, we recommend the use of two or more assays in parallel.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Eight Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis

Kinkel

Dittrich

Baümer

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…La enfermedad la padecen 200 millones de personas anualmente, con un intervalo de mortalidad estimado en más de 200 mil enfermos por año (Greenwald, 2005;Grobusch et al, 2003). Se considera que existen cerca de 600 millones…”

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“…The disease affects 200 million people annually, with an estimated mortality rate of more than 200 thousand per year (Greenwald, 2005;Grobusch et al, 2003). Close to 600 million people are considered to be at risk of contracting it, distributed over 74…”

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confidence: 99%

Rosin of Cuban Pines for the Control of Tropical Illnesses Transmitted by Mollusks

Crespo

Carballo-Abreu

Sotolongo-Sospedra

et al. 2010

rchscfa

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Katayama is not uncommon as a cause of fever in patients returning from sub-Saharan Africa; in a prospective study from Antwerp, it was the third most common cause of febrile illness in travelers from this region. 6 Lake Malawi was the commonest site of exposure in our series, accounting for 53% of cases.…”

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“…The lake is a popular destination for travelers and has been the principal site of exposure in several previous series of both acute and chronic schistosomiasis. 4,5,8,9 Men accounted for 70% of the cases, which may reflect risk-taking behavior rather than a true gender difference. 10 Cercarial dermatitis, or swimmer's itch, is a useful symptom to elicit and was reported by 16%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute Schistosomiasis in Travelers: 14 Years' Experience at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London

Logan¹,

Armstrong²,

Moore³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We report 79 cases of acute schistosomiasis. Most of these cases were young, male travelers who acquired their infection in Lake Malawi. Twelve had a normal eosinophil count at presentation and 11 had negative serology, although two had neither eosinophilia nor positive serology when first seen. Acute schistosomiasis should be considered in any febrile traveler with a history of fresh water exposure in an endemic area once malaria has been excluded. Acute schistosomiasis was first described in 1847 in the prefecture of Katayama, Hiroshima district, Japan.1 Women brought to the region to be married were found to become acutely unwell with a fever after they had been exposed to fresh water. Acute schistosomiasis, or Katayama fever, is classically seen among travelers to regions where the disease is endemic. It is thought to be an immune-complex phenomenon, precipitated by the onset of egg-laying by newly matured adult female schistosomes. This occurs between 2 and 12 weeks after exposure 2 ; the syndrome is seen almost exclusively among people who have no history of previous exposure to the infection. The symptoms of Katayama may include fever, cough, an urticarial rash, and diarrhea, with an elevated eosinophil count as a characteristic laboratory finding 2 ; not every individual will have all of these. We report the clinical and laboratory features of acute schistosomiasis among 79 travelers who presented to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD) in London between 1998 and 2012.Acute schistosomiasis is often a clinical diagnosis at the time of presentation and may only be confirmed later in the illness once a serological test has had time to become positive. We therefore defined cases according to the following five predefined criteria, with each case fulfilling all five.1. Presence of at least one: fever, cough, rash, diarrhea. 2. A recent history of fresh water exposure in an area where schistosomiasis is endemic. 3. Positive schistosomal serology, either at presentation or follow-up. 4. Raised eosinophil count at some point during the illness. 5. Symptoms not attributable to any other condition.Cases were identified from three sources: a database of schistosomiasis cases and two prospective databases of both inpatients and outpatients seen at HTD. Clinical notes and laboratory data were reviewed using a standard proforma.Time from exposure to symptoms was taken as the first date of potential exposure to the date of symptom onset. Laboratory results were obtained from the appropriate clinical laboratories in University College London Hospitals. The schistosomal serology is an "in-house" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting antibody to Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen; once positive this test may remain so for years despite successful treatment. Positive results are reported as levels (bands of optical density from 1 to 9) with a result of one or more regarded as positive. 3 The serology test has a sensitivity of 96% for S. mansoni and 92% for Schistosoma haematobium, whereas t...

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Imported Schistosomiasis in Europe: Sentinel Surveillance Data from TropNetEurop

Cited by 82 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of Eight Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis

Evaluation of Eight Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis

Rosin of Cuban Pines for the Control of Tropical Illnesses Transmitted by Mollusks

Acute Schistosomiasis in Travelers: 14 Years' Experience at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London

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