Imported Yellow Fever in a United States Citizen

McFarland, Joy M.; Baddour, Larry M.; Nelson, Jeffrey E.; Elkins, Sandra K.; Craven, Robert B.; Cropp, Bruce C.; Chang, Gwong‐Jen J.; Grindstaff, Alan D.; Craig, Allen S.; Smith, Russell J.

doi:10.1086/516111

Cited by 74 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, in 1996 an unvaccinated man died of yellow fever in Tennessee after returning to the United States from a fishing trip on the Amazon River (156), and there have recently been similar cases in Europe.…”

Section: Factors That Influence Yellow Fever Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

Reiter

2001

Environ Health Perspect

540

386

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Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250--300 years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health often focus on mosquito-borne diseases. Elementary models suggest that higher global temperatures will enhance their transmission rates and extend their geographic ranges. However, the histories of three such diseases--malaria, yellow fever, and dengue--reveal that climate has rarely been the principal determinant of their prevalence or range; human activities and their impact on local ecology have generally been much more significant. It is therefore inappropriate to use climate-based models to predict future prevalence.

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Section: Factors That Influence Yellow Fever Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

Reiter

2001

Environ Health Perspect

540

386

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“…1 Despite the number of travelers, cases in travelers only occur sporadically, [11][12][13][14][15][16] most likely because of international health regulations mandating the use of the vaccine. However, increasing concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine may curtail its use and diminish its effectiveness in outbreak prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubation Periods of Yellow Fever Virus

Johansson¹,

Arana-Vizcarrondo²,

Biggerstaff³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Yellow fever virus is a global health threat due to its endemicity in parts of Africa and South America where human infections occur in residents and travelers. To understand yellow fever dynamics, it is critical to characterize the incubation periods of the virus in vector mosquitoes and humans. Here, we compare four statistical models of the yellow fever incubation periods fitted with historical data. The extrinsic incubation period in the urban vector Aedes aegypti was best characterized with a temperature-dependent Weibull model with a median of 10 days at 25°C (middle 95% = 2.0–37 days). The intrinsic incubation period, fitted with a log-normal model, had a median of 4.3 days (middle 95% = 2.3–8.6 days). These estimates and their associated statistical models provide a quantitative basis to assist in exposure assessments, model potential outbreaks, and evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions.

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“…No approved therapies specific for treatment of YFV are available. Although the virus is endemic to Africa and South America, there is potential for outbreaks of YFV outside the natural range of the virus and such imported cases have been reported (2,7,10). Therefore, the development of therapies is important, not only for treatment of cases in areas of endemicity but also for cases of imported viral disease and fulminant disease as a result of vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of T-1106 in a Hamster Model of Yellow Fever Virus Infection

Julander

Furuta²,

Shafer

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes 30,000 deaths worldwide, despite the availability of a vaccine. There are no approved antiviral therapies for the treatment of YFV disease in humans, and, therefore, these studies were designed to investigate the anti-YFV properties of T-1106, a substituted pyrazine, in a hamster model of YFV disease. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of T-1106 starting 4 h prior to virus inoculation and continuing twice daily through 7 days post-virus inoculation (dpi) resulted in significantly improved survival, alanine aminotransferase levels in the serum, weight gain, and mean day to death. Virus titer in the liver at 4 dpi was significantly reduced in treated animals, as determined by both quantitative real-time PCR and infectious cell culture assay. No toxicity (weight loss or mortality) was observed at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day in sham-infected control animals. The observed minimal effective dose of T-1106 was 32 mg/kg/day administered either by oral or i.p. treatment. Therapeutic treatment was effective in significantly improving survival when T-1106 was administered beginning as late as 4 days after virus challenge with twice-daily treatment for 8 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. With favorable safety, bioavailability, and postviral challenge treatment efficacy, T-1106 was effective in the treatment of disease in hamsters infected with YFV and should be further studied for potential use as a therapy for human YFV disease.

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Imported Yellow Fever in a United States Citizen

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

Incubation Periods of Yellow Fever Virus

Activity of T-1106 in a Hamster Model of Yellow Fever Virus Infection

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