Imposing Regulation on Advanced Algorithms

Abstract

for the final review of the manuscript, for writing the foreword and for providing decisive comments. Many thanks also to Prof. Kostas Mavrias, Emeritus, Professor of Constitutional Law at the Law School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and President of the Scientific Council of the Hellenic Parliament for his push towards scientific excellence and his steady support throughout the years. I would also like to underline the unseen contribution of many of my colleagues and fellow scientists, too numerous to mention, for their support and the fruitful discussions throughout the drafting phase.Many thanks also to the friends and colleagues from the Hellenic Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Team, for their true dedication to science and innovation that has always been a source of inspiration to me. Dimitris Garantziotis deserves a special mention for his valuable contribution in the last phase of drafting. Lots of thanks go to Antonia Becou who professionally redesigned all graphic material in the book. Last, but not least, I would also like to thank Bruce Philip Todd, not only for the linguistic assessment and support, but also for the out-of-the-box general comments.Above all, I would like to thank my family for all the support that gives me strength to carry on. viii ix About the AuthorDr. Fotios Fitsilis has over 20 years of professional experience in science positions within in both the private and the public sector. Since 2008, Dr. Fotios Fitsilis is Head of Department for Scientific Documentation and Supervision and lead researcher at the Scientific Service of the Hellenic Parliament. While operating on a global scale, he has been active in fields ranging from telecommunications and logistics to management and good governance, which has included recent papers on e-governance and institutional development including improvements to parliamentary oversight committees. Dr. Fitsilis has been visiting Professor for parliamentary procedures and legislative drafting at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. In 2017, he founded the Hellenic OCR Team, a crowdsourcing initiative for the study of parliamentary data. Dr. Fitsilis has an academic background in Law (LL.M. in International Law), Economics (Diploma in Financial Engineering) and Engineering (Diploma in Electrical Engineering), while also holding a doctoral degree in Electrical Engineering.

Deploying AI in taking down Indonesian regulatory problems: A study on early pandemic regulations

“…Second, discrimination must be assessed, particularly in the context of administrative law, as systems implementing ML can easily become discriminatory since they rely on data trends and variables (Fitsilis, 2019). According to Fitsilis, the process of selecting variables incorporated into systems is not an objective task.…”

“…Therefore, governments must ensure that variables are chosen objectively and data trends originate from objective data collection. Where is it not possible that variables were chosen objectively, governments must ensure that outcomes are not problematic and are justifiable (Fitsilis, 2019).…”

“…In the case of the incorporation of algorithms in agencies, such inaccuracy may have serious effects, leading to citizens' distrust towards the government. More importantly, humans cannot even understand how algorithms arrived at certain decisions, making it difficult to determine whether decisions are biased or not (Fitsilis, 2019). Numerous scholars have referred to the aforementioned issue as the black box problem (Fitsilis, 2019;Pasquale, 2015;Yeung, 2018).…”

The Hellenic Parliament’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…What parliaments need to ensure is a local, regional and global knowledge base and that the lessons learned are incorporated into new crisis response plans to ensure that such a disruption cannot happen again. A broad base for cooperation among all necessary stakeholders will be needed to facilitate this parliamentary transformation, an approach rigidly connected with the incorporation of new and rapidly maturing digital technologies, such as legal informatics 48 and advanced algorithms, 49 which enhance systemic robustness and enable broad interoperability. Finally, the sustainability of any agreed upon solutions needs to be ensured and, if possible, linked to the United Nations Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.…”

No Algorithmization Without Representation: Pilot Study on Regulatory Experiments in an Exploratory Sandbox

“…The guidelines, frameworks, and recommendations map the values–such as transparency or oversight–into the design constraints (Introna, 2016 ; Kroll et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 , Burke, 2019 ; Shneiderman, 2016 ) or demand ex post changes to the services to meet the regulatory expectations (Fitsilis, 2019 ; Goodman & Flaxman, 2017 ; Hildebrandt, 2018 ; Yeung, 2018 ). By reducing the legitimacy and ethics to ex post or ex ante interventions, the frameworks overlook the issue of political participation and representation as a means of legitimacy in any social and (as we claim) technological process.…”