“…The current FDA limits for endotoxin contamination is <20,0 EU/ medical device (USP, 2011b), or 5 EU/kg of body weight for parenteral drugs (USP, 2011a). Endotoxins can be destroyed using high temperatures (>250 ºC for more than 30 min), or alkalis or acids of at least 0,1 M strength (Gorbet & Sefton, 2005;Magalhães, Lopes, Mazzola, Rangel-Yagui, Penna & Pessoa Jr, 2007), with NaOH commonly used for purification of bacterial cellulose (Bodin, Bharadwaj, Wu, Gatenholm, Atala & Zhang, 2010;Cherian et al, 2013;Chiaoprakobkij, Sanchavanakit, Subbalekha, Pavasant & Phisalaphong, 2011;Helenius, Bäckdahl, Bodin, Nannmark, Gatenholm & Risberg, 2006;Maneerung, Tokura & Rujiravanit, 2008;Saska et al, 2012).…”