Impregnation studies and mechanical characterization of cellular, natural, fiber-reinforced, composite structures

Geller, Sirko; Weißenborn, Oliver; Gude, Μaik; Czulak, A.

doi:10.14314/polimery.2016.125

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As a plant-based filler for the production of polyurethanes, there were applied among others: vegetable fibers [ 5 ], lignin [ 6 , 7 ], cellulose [ 8 , 9 ], wood flour [ 10 ] and by-products from the food industry [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

et al. 2020

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Semi-rigid composites of polyurethane foams (SRPUF) modified with the addition of keratin flour from poultry feathers and flame retardant additives were manufactured. Ten percent by mass of keratin fibers was added to the foams as well as halogen-free flame retardant additives such as Fyrol PNX, expandable graphite, metal oxides, in amounts such that their total mass did not exceed 15%. Thermal and mechanical properties were tested. Water absorption, dimensional stability, apparent density and flammability of produced foams were determined. It was found that the use of keratin fibers and flame retardant additives changes the foam synthesis process, changes their structure and properties as well as their combustion process. The addition of the filler made of keratin fibers significantly limits the amount of smoke generated during foam burning. The most favorable reduction of heat and smoke release rate was observed for foams with the addition of 10% keratin fibers and 10% expandable graphite. Systems of reducing combustibility of polyurethane foams using keratin fillers are a new solution on a global scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

et al. 2020

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“…Fabric reinforced composites are often composed of internal microstructure defects, including fiber misalignment/wrinkling, porosity, and resin-rich regions. These defects have various causes such as thermal residual stress, [15] out-of-plane stitching, [39] or poor resin impregnation during consolidation [40]. Critical assessments of the internal geometry after the manufacturing are vital for developing more reliable and robust production methodologies.…”

Section: State Of the Art In Micro-ct Of Woven Fabric Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Current Challenges and Case Study toward Optimizing Micro-Computed X-Ray Tomography of Carbon Fabric Composites

et al. 2020

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X-ray computed tomography provides qualitative and quantitative structural and compositional information for a broad range of materials. Yet, its contribution to the field of advanced composites such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers is still limited by factors such as low imaging contrast, due to scarce X-ray attenuation features. This article, through a review of the state of the art, followed by an example case study on Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis of low X-ray absorptive dry and prepreg carbon woven fabric composites, aims to highlight and address some challenges as well as best practices on performing scans that can capture key features of the material. In the case study, utilizing an Xradia Micro-CT-400, important aspects such as obtaining sufficient contrast, an examination of thin samples, sample size/resolution issues, and image-based modeling are discussed. The outcome of an optimized workflow in Micro-CT of composite fabrics can assist in further research efforts such as the generation of surface or volume meshes for the numerical modeling of underlying deformation mechanisms during their manufacturing processes.

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“…The quality of the final component produced (e.g., in terms of void content and fiber volume fraction) is influenced by the processing method and microstructure of the incoming starting material. Highest‐quality prepreg material is required for full property translation into the structure as discussed in various aspects in recent works . Many thermoplastic processing technologies take advantage of pre‐impregnated unidirectional fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer tapes (referred to as UD tapes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of single ply out‐of‐plane permeability through gaseous flow

et al. 2017

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A new approach to measure out‐of‐plane permeability of single ply unidirectional fiber material under tensile load has been investigated. Single ply permeability is an important material parameter in prepreg fabrication processes where the polymer impregnates the fiber reinforcement. Fibers are processed under tension changing the flow behavior of the resin into the porous media. The experimental characterization cell developed for these processes is mounted to a universal testing machine allowing application and continuous variation of the tensile load applied to the fiber sample. The article outlines the setup including the sensing and data acquisition concept, and implements the data reduction procedure based on Darcy's flow in porous media to obtain the transverse permeability as a function of tension loading. Transverse permeability was determined for single glass and carbon fiber tows for a wide range of tensile loading. The smaller diameter carbon tow permeability showed an order smaller permeability compared to glass fibers. In addition, permeability for both materials changed up to two orders as tensile loading was applied. The results can be used to optimize the impregnation behavior of single ply infusion processes. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3247–3258, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Impregnation studies and mechanical characterization of cellular, natural, fiber-reinforced, composite structures

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

A Review of Current Challenges and Case Study toward Optimizing Micro-Computed X-Ray Tomography of Carbon Fabric Composites

Experimental characterization of single ply out‐of‐plane permeability through gaseous flow

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