Impressive epoxy toughening by a structure-engineered core/shell polymer nanoparticle

Ning, Na; Liu, Wanshuang; Hu, Qiaole; Zhang, Ling; Jiang, Qiuran; Wei, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108364

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Polymer/polymer composite particles have been applied to various applications such as coatings (Jiang et al, 2017), reinforced elastomers (Yu et al, 2017), high-impact plastics (Guo et al, 2003), and toughened plastics (Ning et al, 2020) since the functionality of polymer particles can be easily controlled by the combination of polymers and the morphology of polymer particles. In general, polymer/polymer composite particles are prepared via multistep polymerization process using a seeded emulsion polymerization (Cho and Lee, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization Using a Sequential Flow Process

et al. 2021

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We develop a sequential flow process for the production of monodisperse poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polystyrene (PS) composite particles through a soap-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using the first water-in-oil (W/O) slug flow and a subsequent seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene (St) using the second W/O slug flow. In this process, monodisperse PMMA seed particles are first formed in the dispersed aqueous phase of the first W/O slug flow. Subsequently, removal of the oil phase from the slug flow is achieved through a porous hydrophobic tubing, resulting in a single flow of the aqueous phase containing the seed particles. The aqueous phase is then mixed with an oil phase containing St monomer to form the second W/O slug flow. Finally, monodisperse PMMA/PS composite particles are obtained by a seeded emulsion polymerization of St using the second W/O slug flow. We compared the reaction performance between the slug flow and the batch processes in terms of particle diameter, monomer conversion, particle size distribution, and the number of particles in the system. We found that internal circulation flow within the slugs can enhance mass transfer efficiency between them during polymerization, which results in monodisperse PMMA/PS composite particles with a large particle diameter and a high monomer conversion in a short reaction time, compared to those prepared using the batch process. We believe that this sequential microflow process can be a versatile strategy to continuously produce monodisperse composite particles or core-shell particles in a short reaction time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization Using a Sequential Flow Process

et al. 2021

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“…Aqueous dispersions (emulsions) of epoxy resins are widely used as thin/thick films for the production of paints and varnishes, as anticorrosion coatings and in the building materials industry [1][2][3][4][5]. This is due to both their high environmental safety compared to those of organic-soluble analogues, and the need to create water-based decorative and protective compositions of a higher quality than those obtained on the basis of synthetic latexes [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous dispersions of epoxy oligomers: Stability and rheological properties

Кошевар¹,

Žarkov²,

Shkadrecova³

et al. 2021

chemija

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In this study, the stability of the aqueous dispersions of epoxy oligomers was investigated. The following epoxy oligomers with various numbers of epoxy groups were used for the characterization: NPEL 127, NPEL 128, NPEL 134, NPPN 631, EPOXY 520 and DEG-1. A non-ionic surfactant Emulsogen LCN-287 based on alkyl polyethylene glycol ether was used as an emulsifier. The dispersions of epoxy resins were fabricated by changing the content of a non-ionic surfactant (emulsifier) in a range from 2 to 6 wt.%. It was demonstrated that the stability of aqueous emulsions depends not only on the type of resin, but also on the content of the oil phase and the concentration of the emulsifier. The rheological properties of the aqueous dispersions of epoxy oligomers were investigated as well.

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“…toughening method by introducing soft phase such as rubber, [5][6][7][8] block copolymers, [9][10][11] core-shell particles, 12,13 and thermoplastic resins [14][15][16] can significantly improve the toughness, the presence of soft inclusions will inevitably sacrifice the modulus, strength, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of EP in most cases. It has also been proved that the incorporation of rigid fillers such as silica, [17][18][19][20] carbon nanotubes, [21][22][23] graphene, [24][25][26] and POSS 27 can improve the toughness without sacrificing modulus and Tg.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the synergistic mechanism of reactive aliphatic soft chains and nano‐silica on toughening epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties and low viscosity

Chen

Lian

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Toughening epoxy resin (EP) without sacrificing strength, modulus, and processing performance is always a harsh task. Here, a series of epoxy systems containing soft butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) and rigid nano‐silica (nano‐SiO2) were prepared. Micro‐phase separation structures derived from the self‐assembly effect of BGE can be observed in atomic force microscopy images by controlling the total amount of BGE and nano‐SiO2 at 2 wt% for the EPC:Si‐m:n (m + n = 4) systems. Due to the synergistic effect of self‐assembly effect of BGE and the rigid effect of well dispersed nano‐SiO2, EPC:Si‐2:2 system exhibited improvement of tensile strength of 59.3% (92.63 MPa), tensile modulus of 24.8% (3.52 GPa), elongation at break of 78.6% (4.84%), and glass transition temperature of 2.4% (138.4°C) compared with Pure EP system. Besides, due to the low loading of nano‐SiO2 (≤2 wt%) and the dilution effect of BGE, the viscosity of all the toughening systems is lower than 600 mPa·s, which can provide this toughening system with superior processing performance for large production of composites by automotive manufacturing methods such as vacuum assistant resin infusion technology.

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Impressive epoxy toughening by a structure-engineered core/shell polymer nanoparticle

Cited by 45 publications

References 52 publications

Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization Using a Sequential Flow Process

Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization Using a Sequential Flow Process

Aqueous dispersions of epoxy oligomers: Stability and rheological properties

Insights into the synergistic mechanism of reactive aliphatic soft chains and nano‐silica on toughening epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties and low viscosity

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