Imprinting phase/amplitude patterns in glasses with thermal poling

Lipovskii, A. A.; Rusan, V. V.; Tagantsev, D. K.

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2010.05.001

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The glass is poled using graphite electrodes in air. The poling process forms a region of glass R. Oven below the anode that is depleted of mobile Na + and K + ions and hence reduces the refractive index [19][20][21]. Based on ion transport models of the process, a rapid change in Na + and K + ion concentrations is to be expected at a depth corresponding to the boundary between the depleted and undepleted glass [22].…”

Section: Measurements On Poled Glasscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…It can be seen that the refractive index in the poled glass region is~1.475, and the refractive index changes rapidly between the depleted glass and the bulk of the sample. The reduction in refractive index observed between the bulk unpoled glass and the depletion region Δn~0.045 is larger than that estimated for poled V073 glass Δn~0.02, which is evidently similar in composition to BK7 [21]. From Figure 7, it is also possible to observe a small (~0.0023) increase in refractive index above the substrate index immediately under the poled glass region in the unpoled glass.…”

Section: Measurements On Poled Glassmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Measurement of planar refractive index profiles with rapid variations in glass using interferometry and total variation regularized differentiation

Oven

2015

Journal of Modern Optics

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Planar refractive index profiles with rapid variations, formed in glass, are measured with interferometry. This involves forming a bevel in the glass and orientating the fringe pattern to be normal to the bevel edge. The index profile is determined by differentiation of the phase function of the fringe pattern. The differentiation has been performed using the total variation regularization method in order to preserve rapid changes in the derivative. This new approach avoids the necessity of filtering, in order to reduce noise, in the direction perpendicular to the bevel, which would otherwise smooth out the rapid index changes. The method is assessed using a model refractive index profile that contains an index gradient of 0.24 μm −1 and is then applied practically to measure the refractive index profile of electrically poled BK7 glass. The new approach allows the sharp transition in the index between poled and unpoled glass to be observed as well as the accumulation of potassium ions beyond the poled glass region.

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Section: Measurements On Poled Glasscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Measurements On Poled Glassmentioning

confidence: 63%

Measurement of planar refractive index profiles with rapid variations in glass using interferometry and total variation regularized differentiation

Oven

2015

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…These include using a poled glass layer in order to produce buried optical waveguides [6][7][8][9][10] and surface channel waveguides [9,10]. Poled glass has also been used to manufacture diffractive phase masks [11,12] and to control the size of metallic nanoparticles in glass in an image replication process [11]. The production of nano-surface structures and as a smart substrate with controlled surface reactivity are other applications [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results indicated a RI between 1.51 and 1.46 but with large error bars due to difficulties in distinguishing the light-dark transition necessary for measurement. Recent work on poled V073 glass, a borosilicate glass with similar in composition to BK7, reports a reduction in index of 0.02 measured by interferometric methods [11]. Most of the above reports assume a poled glass region with a constant refractive index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the refractive index of electrically poled soda-lime glass layers using leaky modes

Oven¹

2016

Appl. Opt.

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Oven, Robert (2016) Measurement of the refractive index of electrically poled soda-lime glass layers using leaky modes. Applied Optics, 55 (32 Electrically poled layers have been formed in soda-lime glass using graphite electrodes in air. The refractive index and thickness of the poled glass layers have been measured by the analysis of leaky optical modes. These modes are supported by the poled layer and can be determined by analysis of the optical reflectivity measured with a prism coupler arrangement. A relatively constant refractive index ~ 1.486 in the poled glass region is measured, which is ~0.03 below the substrate index. The reflectivity data shows that the transition between poled and un-poled glass is very sharp and is consistent with ion transport models. The thickness of the poled glass region is consistent with the removal of Na + and K + ions from the poled region. The index and depth data is confirmed by interferometric measurements. The tensile stress in the poled glass layer is also estimated from optical birefringence measurements and is estimated to be ~0.3 GN/m 2 .

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“…It is obvious that the duration of the poling and the value of the electric field applied during poling determine the thickness of the depletion layer; the kinetic regularities of the formation of the depletion layers as a function of the duration of the poling and the field are considered in detail in Ref. 13. However, there is one more parameter that can be used to control the thickness of the depletion layer-namely, the thickness of the air gap between the surfaces of the glass and the electrode (the anode).…”

Section: Experimental Facts That Suggest the Idea Of Using Thermal Pomentioning

confidence: 94%

Principles of a new method of obtaining optical metamaterials

et al. 2012

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Metamaterials that are network-type silver-dielectric structures are currently the most promising substances for observing negative refractive index in the optical region. This paper proposes a method for forming such metamaterials on the basis of silver-containing glasses. The method is based on the procedure of poling silver-containing glasses using an electrode (an anode) with a relief picture on the contact surface. When polarized glasses are heat-treated in a hydrogen atmosphere, a metallic (silver) film that replicates the electrode relief is formed on the surface of the glass. The corresponding picture and modulation depth of the electrode relief make it possible to create regular network structures of silver nanofilms (either a system of disks or a continuous film with holes) on the glass surface, with a characteristic size of the periodic structural elements less than 500 nm. The unification of the structures thus obtained into sandwiches makes it possible to obtain two-layer metamaterials.

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Imprinting phase/amplitude patterns in glasses with thermal poling

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Measurement of planar refractive index profiles with rapid variations in glass using interferometry and total variation regularized differentiation

Measurement of planar refractive index profiles with rapid variations in glass using interferometry and total variation regularized differentiation

Measurement of the refractive index of electrically poled soda-lime glass layers using leaky modes

Principles of a new method of obtaining optical metamaterials

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