Improved abiotic stress tolerance of bermudagrass by exogenous small molecules

Chan, Zhulong; Hong, Shi

doi:10.4161/15592324.2014.991577

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Exogenous application of various small molecules or plant growth regulators is a well-known method to enhance the resistance of plants to environmental stresses (Chan and Shi 2015). Among the many identified hormones, regulators or small signaling molecules, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is known to be effective against the harmful effects caused by various abiotic stresses in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic and metabolic pathways and its role in higher plants: a review

et al. 2018

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Crop productivity is restricted by various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold. Many efforts have been taken to decrease the inhibition of plant growth by alleviating the abiotic stresses. Exogenous applications of hormones, plant growth regulators, and/or small signaling molecules have been reported as a means to enhance plant resistance to stress. One of the small signaling molecules utilized is 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) that has been shown to enhance plant growth under abiotic stress. As a metabolic intermediate in higher plants, ALA is a precursor of all tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll, heme and siroheme. The pathway towards biosynthesis upstream and the metabolism downstream of ALA contains multiple regulatory points that are affected by positive/negative factors. However, report about the regulatory aspects of the ALA metabolic pathway and the role of ALA in stimulating physiochemical processes in higher plants under stress have not been collated and summarized systematically. In this regard, we summarize recent developments in understanding the mechanisms of plant responses to abiotic stress which are affected by ALA as well as new information on the metabolic pathway of ALA. We find that exogenous application of ALA can enhance some key physiological and biochemical processes in plants such as photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, antioxidant characteristics and osmotic equilibrium, however, more in-depth research on the specific mechanisms are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic and metabolic pathways and its role in higher plants: a review

et al. 2018

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“…Great progress has recently been made in turfgrass stress tolerance, for instance, several compounds have been found to be involved in stress resistance improvement in bermudagrass [15]. This article provides an extensive overview of the current understanding of changes in physiology, metabolism, relative gene expression, and growth/development of turfgrass under different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

et al. 2020

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Turfgrasses constitute a vital part of the landscape ecological systems for sports fields, golf courses, home lawns and parks. However, turfgrass species are affected by numerous abiotic stresses include salinity, heat, cold, drought, waterlogging and heavy metals and biotic stresses such as diseases and pests. Harsh environmental conditions may result in growth inhibition, damage in cell structure and metabolic dysfunction. Hence, to survive the capricious environment, turfgrass species have evolved various adaptive strategies. For example, they can expel phytotoxic matters; increase activities of stress response related enzymes and regulate expression of the genes. Simultaneously, some phytohormones and signal molecules can be exploited to improve the stress tolerance in turfgrass. Generally, the mechanisms of the adaptive strategies are integrated but not necessarily the same. Recently, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed plenty of stress response related metabolites, proteins and genes in turfgrass. Therefore, the regulation mechanism of turfgrass’s response to abiotic and biotic stresses was further understood. However, the specific or broad-spectrum related genes that may improve stress tolerance remain to be further identified. Understanding stress response in turfgrass species will contribute to improve stress tolerance of turfgrass.

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“…Moreover, biologically active small molecules, of natural or synthetic origin, can be supplied exogenously at very low concentrations and relieve or protect plants from saline stress [18][19][20][21]. Several recent studies have highlighted a beneficial role of omeprazole (OMP), a small molecule of 345 Da, in salinity tolerance [22][23][24][25] and mechanical stress tolerance [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omeprazole Promotes Chloride Exclusion and Induces Salt Tolerance in Greenhouse Basil

et al. 2019

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The role of small bioactive molecules (<500 Da) in mechanisms improving resource use efficiency in plants under stress conditions draws increasing interest. One such molecule is omeprazole (OMP), a benzimidazole derivative and inhibitor of animal proton pumps shown to improve nitrate uptake and exclusion of toxic ions, especially of chloride from the cytosol of salt-stressed leaves. Currently, OMP was applied as substrate drench at two rates (0 or 10 μM) on hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Genovese) grown under decreasing NO3−:Cl− ratio (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, or 20:80). Chloride concentration and stomatal resistance increased while transpiration, net CO2 assimilation rate and beneficial ions (NO3−, PO43−, and SO42−) decreased with reduced NO3−:Cl− ratio under the 0 μM OMP treatment. The negative effects of chloride were not only mitigated by the 10 μM OMP application in all treatments, with the exception of 20:80 NO3−:Cl−, but plant growth at 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60 NO3−:Cl− ratios receiving OMP application showed maximum fresh yield (+13%, 24%, and 22%, respectively), shoot (+10%, 25%, and 21%, respectively) and root (+32%, 76%, and 75%, respectively) biomass compared to the corresponding untreated treatments. OMP was not directly involved in ion homeostasis and compartmentalization of vacuolar or apoplastic chloride. However, it was active in limiting chloride loading into the shoot, as manifested by the lower chloride concentration in the 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60 NO3−:Cl− treatments compared to the respective controls (−41%, −37%, and −24%), favoring instead that of nitrate and potassium while also boosting photosynthetic activity. Despite its unequivocally beneficial effect on plants, the large-scale application of OMP is currently limited by the molecule’s high cost. However, further studies are warranted to unravel the molecular mechanisms of OMP-induced reduction of chloride loading to shoot and improved salt tolerance.

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Improved abiotic stress tolerance of bermudagrass by exogenous small molecules

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic and metabolic pathways and its role in higher plants: a review

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic and metabolic pathways and its role in higher plants: a review

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

Omeprazole Promotes Chloride Exclusion and Induces Salt Tolerance in Greenhouse Basil

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