Improved anticancer effect of ginseng extract by microwave-assisted processing through the generation of ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5 and Rk1

Converting ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng by microwave processing and improving their anticoagulant and anticancer activities

“…Microwave processing as a "green and innovative" technique has been widely used for preservation, 25 transformation, 13,14 and extraction 26 in research and industrial elds. The microwave processing technique has advantages of less time and energy as well as fewer solvents.…”

“…Microwave processing of ginseng enhances its anticancer activity due to the increased content of the ginsenosides Rg 3 , Rg 5 , and Rk 1 . 13,14 Further research showed that the transformation products of ginsenosides 20(S)- To conrm the antiproliferative effect of the transformation products, the morphologies in Hela and A549 cells treated with ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh 2 was observed under a microscope (Fig. 8).…”

“…12 At present, microwave processing method as a novel "green" solvent extraction technology is developed to increase the content of minor ginsenosides from white ginseng. 13,14 This green extraction process is oen used for extracting natural products owing to a faster extraction rate, less consumption of organic solvent, and lower costs of sample preparation, 15,16 but more rarely in the case of transformation. The heat processing by microwave method for producing the minor ginsenosides gained high yields within about 60 minutes.…”

“…The heat processing by microwave method for producing the minor ginsenosides gained high yields within about 60 minutes. 13 The microwave time was much shorter than used in the traditional heating method (over 20 hours). 12 We applied the microwave processing method to accelerate the transformation of minor ginsenosides from the roots of P. notoginseng and determined the optimal conversion conditions using response surface methodology.…”

Ginsenoside Rg1, a potential JNK inhibitor, protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver damage

“…Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (Asian ginseng), Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Notoginseng) are very well recognized worldwide and highly valued medicinal herbs that exhibit potential and extensive beneficial effects on consenescence, immune system, central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases, including protection against I/R injury (Choia et al, 2015;Liu, 2012). These protective effects are primarily attributed to the presence of triterpenoid saponins (also referred to as ginsenosides) Wan, Wang, & Li, 2008).…”