“…Pekarski and colleagues developed a mathematical algorithm for identifying nighttime rest as a period of low ambulatory HR values (Pekarski, Mordovin, Triss, Semke, & Kolodina, 2002). Advantages associated with this method are that examination of HR does not require purchase of additional equipment (discrete HR measures can be obtained from the ABPM device) and it does not place additional burden on participants (Pekarski et al, 2002). On the other hand (for example, in the measurement of BP dipping), such measures may reflect a confound between the independent (activity level) and dependent (cardiovascular assessments) variables of interest.…”