Improved cancer specificity in PSA assay using Aleuria aurantia lectin coated Eu-nanoparticles for detection

Investigation on core-fucosylated prostate-specific antigen as a refined biomarker for differentiation of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer of different aggressiveness

“…Several studies, mostly based on enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLA), have been applied to assess whether differences in terminal or core-fucosylation of PSA in urine, seminal fluid, blood, or tissue enable discrimination of BPH from PCa or identification of aggressive PCa. 18,42,52,53 These lectin immunoassays have the same basic format as a standard enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in which one antibody is replaced by a lectin recognizing carbohydrate moieties. However, reports with contradictory results have been described which might be due to the Comparison of ROC curves for free PSA, total PSA, %-free PSA, and %-core-fucosylated PSA standardized to total PSA determined by ECLIA (%-fuc-PSA-ECLIA).…”

“…In former lectin-based studies, patient samples with higher serum concentrations (up to 110 ng/mL) or urine samples with very high total PSA levels by nature (mg/mL range) were analyzed. 6,42,53 This is largely because of the lack in sensitivity of these assays as lectins possess 100-10,000-fold lower binding affinities than antibodies. 54 In addition, low specificity of lectins toward glycan structures and their unspecific binding to glycoproteins from human matrix is an inherent problem of lectins resulting in high background signals obscuring the analyte signal of interest and worsening the limit of detection.…”

A randomized trial of early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (ProScreen): study design and rationale

“…From a library of lectin nanoparticles established, the most promising lectins will be identified to preferentially detect PSA from men with PrCa, whereas urine or seminal plasma derived PSA of healthy individuals remains non-reactive. Early results demonstrate improved cancer specificity (improved discrimination of high grade PrCa from biopsy negative and Gleason score 6 patients) in urine using a plant lectin nanoparticle-aided PSA assay [39]. Observational studies of diagnostic accuracy of other tests will also be incorporated, though referral will be based on the primary tests.…”

Prostate-specific antigen glycoprofiling as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of prostate cancer

“…The low level of PSA with a-2,3-SA can also be explained by the preferential presence of the a-2,6-SA form on PSA in seminal plasma [68] and this form of PSA can be released into urine [52]. The AAL labelled with polystyrene nanoparticles doped with europium applied to the fluorescent ELISA format of the analysis has the potential for use in PSA glycoprofiling as a diagnostic PCa biomarker (PCa versus BPH) with p ¼ 0.03 [62]. The performance of glycans as diagnostic PCa biomarkers is shown in table 3.…”

“…Moreover, the O-glycoprofiling of two other proteins, such as MUC1 and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), could also be applied to distinguish between these two sets of samples ( p ¼ 0.01 or royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsfs Interface Focus 9: 20180077 p ¼ 0.06, respectively) [70]. Three different lectins proved to be useful for the glycoprofiling of PSA isolated from a tissue to distinguish aggressive from indolent PCa: p ¼ 0.0049 for SNA [71], p ¼ 0.006 for Jacalin [71] and p ¼ 0.001 for AAL [62]. Drake's group used seminal plasma to glycoprofile PSA (identification of 40 unique glycans) and PAP (identification of 21 unique glycans on three glycosylation sites-Asn62, Asn188 and Asn301) using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. A PSA was isolated from the samples using thiophilic adsorption chromatography.…”