Improved capture of Drosophila suzukii by a trap baited with two attractants in the same device

Abstract

The improvement of trap-lure combinations is an important part of integrated pest management programs that involve monitoring pests for timely insecticide applications, or for their use in control strategies such as mass trapping or bait stations. In this study improvements in the capture of Drosophila suzukii were not observed following the inclusion of different color stimuli with respect to a red-black stripe cup trap. This red-black stripe trap with a hemispherical dome-shaped lid had a significantly improved physical retention of flies compared to traps fitted with a flat lid. Retention was further improved when an additional tube device, which could be baited with a supplemental attractant, was introduced through the dome-shaped lid. Under laboratory conditions, this trap, in which apple cider vinegar + 10% ethanol was present as the drowning solution and the additional tube device was baited with a fermenting mixture of sugar and yeast, was significantly more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than other conventional attractants or a commercial lure. The capture rate of this trap-lure combination remained higher than that of a commercial lure, even after 20 days of use under laboratory conditions. In a guava orchard this trap was 15-fold more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than similar traps baited with apple cider vinegar alone, 4 to 7 fold more effective than similar traps baited with a commercial lure, and 1.7-fold more effective than a fermenting mixture of yeasts and wheat flour. In commercial blackberry orchards, this trap was 6-fold more effective in trapping D. suzukii flies than the clear trap baited with apple cider vinegar used by growers. The efficacy of this trap presents a promising line of future research for monitoring and control of D. suzukii and likely other drosophilid pests.

Marking Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with Fluorescent Dusts

“…The persistence of the marking of D. suzukii with the Radglo ® TP-series fluorescent pigments by the "Shaking" technique under different trapping and storage conditions was assessed; in addition, it was tested how these conditions can affect contaminations between marked and unmarked specimens. Traps for D. suzukii typically contain ACV, red wine, or a combination of both as a bait/drowning solution [9,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72], whereas traps containing lure dispensers can either be dry (if a killing agent is present in the trap, see Section 2.3.2) [56,58,73] or contain water as a drowning solution [64,[74][75][76]. Trapped insects are typically stored in ethanol.…”

Tunnel entries and a killing agent uncover the importance of fly retention in Drosophilasuzukii traps

“…11 Active trapping of SWD flies results from their attraction towards chemical and visual cues of the monitoring trap, their actual entrance into the trap and their effective retention in the trap. In the past decade many studies have been accomplished describing SWD baits and lures including fermented food baits like wine, vinegar or sugar/yeast mixtures, [12][13][14][15][16][17] and (blends of) specific attractive compounds. [18][19][20][21] The response of SWD flies to baits was found to vary throughout the year, [22][23][24] and more recently this was demonstrated to be dependent on their specific physiological status and changing behavioural priorities.…”

“…[18][19][20][21] The response of SWD flies to baits was found to vary throughout the year, [22][23][24] and more recently this was demonstrated to be dependent on their specific physiological status and changing behavioural priorities. 9,25,26 The design of the trap was subject of several studies as well and physical features like the trap size, 13,[27][28][29] colour, 27,[29][30][31][32][33] shape, 17,27,28,34 and the number and size of entry holes [27][28][29] have been investigated. Various drowning solutions as well as sticky surfaces inside the trap to prevent escape were tested as fly-retention mechanisms.…”

“…Various drowning solutions as well as sticky surfaces inside the trap to prevent escape were tested as fly-retention mechanisms. 13,33,34 In general, the most effective trap models currently described are red (or purple) black-striped in colour 17,30,31 with a large overall entry surface area and bait surface (volatilization), 27,28,30 a hemispherical dome-shaped transparent lid 17 and a sticky surface to improve SWD capture; 33,34 the latter studies suggest the importance of the retention mechanism preventing SWD flies from escaping the trap after entering. However, like drowning solutions, sticky surfaces often complicate the identification of insects which is essential for monitoring.…”

Screening of 25 different natural crop protection products against Drosophila suzukii

“…Research and agricultural practice pursue various strategies to control D. suzukii, such as synthetic (Beers et al, 2011;Van Timmeren & Isaacs, 2013; Van Timmeren, Mota-Sanchez, Wise, & Isaacs, 2018;Wise, Vanderpoppen, Vandervoort, O'Donnell, & Isaacs, 2015) and natural plant protection products (Fanning, Grieshop, & Isaacs, 2018;Gargani, Tarchi, Frosinini, Mazza, & Simoni, 2013;Martos et al, 2017;Woltz, Donahue, Bruck, & Lee, 2015) and biocontrol with parasitoids (Chabert, Allemand, Poyet, Eslin, & Gibert, 2012;Knoll, Ellenbroek, Romeis, & Collatz, 2017;Rossi Stacconi et al, 2015). Furthermore, diverse cultural approaches like nets (Charlot & Weydert, 2017;Leach, Van Timmeren, & Isaacs, 2016), high tunnels (Hanson, Gluck, & Schilder, 2013;Rogers, Burkness, & Hutchison, 2016), new cultivars (Gong et al, 2016;Hampton et al, 2014) and traps (Basoalto, Hilton, & Knight, 2013;Lasa et al, 2017) are assessed and developed. Nevertheless, current control strategies primarily rely on the application of insecticides like organophosphates, spinosyns and pyrethroids Jarausch, Muller, Gramm, & Hoffmann, 2017;Shawer, Tonina, Tirello, Duso, & Mori, 2018).…”