Improved Collagen Extraction by Modified Longin Method

Brown, Thomas A.; Nelson, D. E.; Vogel, John S.; Southon, John

doi:10.1017/s0033822200044118

Cited by 937 publications

(720 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Collagen was extracted from some modern fishbones, as this is the material used for analyses of archaeological bones. A modified Longin-procedure with ultrafiltration was used [38][39][40]. The samples were converted to CO 2 by combustion in sealed evacuated quartz tubes containing CuO.…”

Section: Modern Plants and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

2013

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The freshwater reservoir effect can result in anomalously old radiocarbon ages of samples from lakes and rivers. This includes the bones of people whose subsistence was based on freshwater fish, and pottery in which fish was cooked. Water rich in dissolved ancient calcium carbonates, commonly known as hard water, is the most common reason for the freshwater reservoir effect. It is therefore also called hardwater effect. Although it has been known for more than 60 years, it is still less well-recognized by archaeologists than the marine reservoir effect. The aim of this study is to examine the order of magnitude and degree of variability of the freshwater reservoir effect over short and long timescales. Radiocarbon dating of recent water samples, aquatic plants, and animals, shows that age differences of up to 2000 14 C years can occur within one river. The freshwater reservoir effect has also implications for radiocarbon dating of Mesolithic pottery from inland sites of the Ertebølle culture in Northern Germany. The surprisingly old ages of the earliest pottery most probably are caused by a freshwater reservoir effect. In a sediment core from the Limfjord, northern Denmark, the impact of the freshwater reservoir effect on radiocarbon dating in an estuarine environment is examined. Here, freshwater influence causes reservoir ages to vary between 250 and 700 14 C years during the period 5400 BC -AD 700. The examples in this study show clearly that the freshwater reservoir effect can seriously corrupt radiocarbon dating at inland sites. Reservoir effects should therefore be considered whenever food remains on pottery or the bones of omnivores are radiocarbon dated -irrespective of the site's distance to the coast.

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Section: Modern Plants and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

2013

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“…The sample was then gelatinized, following Longin (1971), in a pH3 solution at 75°C for 20h. The resulting gelatin was first filtered in an Eeze-Filter™ (Elkay Laboratory Products (UK) Ltd.) to remove small (<8m) particles and then through a 30 kDa ultrafilter (Sartorius "Vivaspin 15") (Brown, et al, 1988). Prior to use the filter was cleaned to remove carbon containing humectants (Brock, et al, 2007).…”

Section: Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The open-air site of Tolbor 16 (Northern Mongolia): Preliminary results and perspectives

Zwyns

Gladyshev

Gunchinsuren

et al. 2014

Quaternary International

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“…An additional cleaning of 'collagen' with base before extracting the gelatine fraction is used to dissolve and remove humic substances (Arslanov and Svezhentsev, 1993;Piotrowska and Goslar, 2002). Other methods involve removal of the light humic fraction (o30 kDa) using ultra filtration (Brown et al, 1988;Higham et al, 2006) or cleaning protein-remnants in ion-exchange columns (Law and Hedges, 1989). van Klinken et al (1994) showed that a separation of collagen specific peptides obtained from collagenase cleavage yields organic material that can be separated using chromatography (HPLC) and then AMS radiocarbon dated.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Dating Of Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon chronology of the mammoth site at Niederweningen, Switzerland: Results from dating bones, teeth, wood, and peat

Hajdas

Bonani

Furrer

et al. 2007

Quaternary International

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The peat section at Niederweningen is a site of spectacular excavations of numerous bones of mammoth and other animals that was first recognized in the late 19th century. In 1987/1990, new excavations provided more peat material, which was radiocarbon dated to 33,000 14 C years BP and 42,000 14 C years BP. The first AMS radiocarbon ages of mammoth bones from 1890/1891 excavations placed the age between 33,000 14 C years BP and 35,000 14 C years BP. In this study, new results were obtained on bones, teeth, wood and peat from the layer that buried the mammoths. The ages confirm that the mammoths as well as the peat section, in which they were found, are older than 40,000 14 C years BP. In order to explain the discrepancy between the previous chronology and the new results, two preparation techniques were applied for the dating of bones. An organic fraction called ''collagen'' used to obtain the first radiocarbon ages was dated as well as gelatine prepared using the modified Longin method. The differences of up to 7000 years between ages obtained on collagen and gelatine fractions show contamination of the collagen fraction with modern carbon. The oldest age of 45,87071080 14 C years BP was obtained on base cleaned gelatine from mammoth bone. This age is close to an age of 45,43071020 14 C years BP obtained for the peat layer that buried the mammoths. r

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Improved Collagen Extraction by Modified Longin Method

Abstract: ABSTRACT. A re-evaluation of the Longin collagen-extraction method shows that a lower reflux temperature reduces degradation of protein ("collagen") remnants. This allows additional purification through ultrafiltration to isolate the >30kDalton fraction of the reflux product.

Cited by 937 publications

References 7 publications

The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating

The open-air site of Tolbor 16 (Northern Mongolia): Preliminary results and perspectives

Radiocarbon chronology of the mammoth site at Niederweningen, Switzerland: Results from dating bones, teeth, wood, and peat

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