Improved cookstoves in rural India: how improved are they?

Kishore, V.V.N.; Ramana, P. V.

doi:10.1016/s0360-5442(01)00056-1

Cited by 94 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In India, residential biofuel combustion represents the dominant energy sector and accounts for over 50 % of the total source of BC and OC emissions (Klimont et al, 2009). India has a long history of unsuccessful stove intervention programs that have sometimes focused on health benefits (Hanbar and Karve, 2002;Kanagawa and Nakata, 2007;Kishore and Ramana, 2002). Despite years of interventions, the vast majority of Indian households still rely on traditional stoves (Legros et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global radiative effects of solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We apply the NCAR CAM5-Chem global aerosolclimate model to quantify the net global radiative effects of black and organic carbon aerosols from global and Indian solid fuel cookstove emissions for the year 2010. Our assessment accounts for the direct radiative effects, changes to cloud albedo and lifetime (aerosol indirect effect, AIE), impacts on clouds via the vertical temperature profile (semidirect effect, SDE) and changes in the surface albedo of snow and ice (surface albedo effect). In addition, we provide the first estimate of household solid fuel black carbon emission effects on ice clouds. Anthropogenic emissions are from the IIASA GAINS ECLIPSE V5a inventory. A global dataset of black carbon (BC) and organic aerosol (OA) measurements from surface sites and aerosol optical depth (AOD) from AERONET is used to evaluate the model skill. Compared with observations, the model successfully reproduces the spatial patterns of atmospheric BC and OA concentrations, and agrees with measurements to within a factor of 2. Globally, the simulated AOD agrees well with observations, with a normalized mean bias close to zero. However, the model tends to underestimate AOD over India and China by ∼ 19 ± 4 % but overestimate it over Africa by ∼ 25 ± 11 % (± represents modeled temporal standard deviations for n = 5 run years). Without BC serving as ice nuclei (IN), global and Indian solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions have net global cooling radiative effects of −141 ± 4 mW m −2 and −12 ± 4 mW m −2 , respectively (± represents modeled temporal standard deviations for n = 5 run years). The net radiative impacts are dominated by the AIE and SDE mechanisms, which originate from enhanced cloud condensation nuclei concentrations for the formation of liquid and mixedphase clouds, and a suppression of convective transport of water vapor from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere that in turn leads to reduced ice cloud formation. When BC is allowed to behave as a source of IN, the net global radiative impacts of the global and Indian solid fuel cookstove emissions range from −275 to +154 mW m −2 and −33 to +24 mW m −2 , with globally averaged values of −59 ± 215 and 0.3 ± 29 mW m −2 , respectively. Here, the uncertainty range is based on sensitivity simulations that alter the maximum freezing efficiency of BC across a plausible range: 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1. BC-ice cloud interactions lead to substantial increases in high cloud (< 500 hPa) fractions. Thus, the net sign of the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols from solid fuel cookstoves on global climate (warming or cooling) remains ambiguous until improved constraints on BC interactions with mixed-phase and ice clouds are available.

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confidence: 99%

Global radiative effects of solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions

et al. 2018

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“…This was the case in India under the National Program on Improved Cookstoves, when Cookstove Approval Committees mandated strict performance characteristics that became instantiated within regional stove models (Rehman and Malhotra, 2004;Simon, 2010). Inadequate assessment of household stove preferences led many households to discard stove models within a matter of months (Hanbar and Karve, 2002;Kishore and Ramana, 2002). Quite differently, Rollinde (2009) notes how recent programs in the Indian states of Gujarat and Karnataka were successful due to diverse product lines, decentralized procurement of stoves, and ongoing collaboration with local agencies to refine specific design qualities.…”

Section: Rigid Stove Design Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Win-win scenarios at the climate–development interface: Challenges and opportunities for stove replacement programs through carbon finance

Simon

Bumpus

Mann

2012

Global Environmental Change

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“…Yet prior progress has been slow, and to date these efforts have not successfully reached scale. For example, the largest program implemented by the Indian government, the National Programme on Improved Chulhas (NPIC), which disseminated some 30 million stoves, is widely regarded as a failure [9,10,11]. Furthermore, recent evaluations of several efforts to promote ICS in South Asia suggest that their purported benefits may not have been realized [12,13], though more success has been reported elsewhere, e.g., in Sub-Saharan Africa [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do People in Rural India Perceive Improved Stoves and Clean Fuel? Evidence from Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

Bhojvaid

Jeuland

Kar

et al. 2014

IJERPH

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Improved cook stoves (ICS) have been widely touted for their potential to deliver the triple benefits of improved household health and time savings, reduced deforestation and local environmental degradation, and reduced emissions of black carbon, a significant short-term contributor to global climate change. Yet diffusion of ICS technologies among potential users in many low-income settings, including India, remains slow, despite decades of promotion. This paper explores the variation in perceptions of and preferences for ICS in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, as revealed through a series of semi-structured focus groups and interviews from 11 rural villages or hamlets. We find cautious interest in new ICS technologies, and observe that preferences for ICS are positively related to perceptions of health and time savings. Other respondent and community characteristics, e.g., gender, education, prior experience with clean stoves and institutions promoting similar technologies, and social norms as perceived through the actions of neighbours, also appear important. Though they cannot be considered representative, our results suggest that efforts to increase adoption and use of ICS in rural India will likely require a combination of supply-chain improvements and carefully designed social marketing and promotion campaigns, and possibly incentives, to reduce the up-front cost of stoves.

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Improved cookstoves in rural India: how improved are they?

Cited by 94 publications

References 1 publication

Global radiative effects of solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions

Global radiative effects of solid fuel cookstove aerosol emissions

Win-win scenarios at the climate–development interface: Challenges and opportunities for stove replacement programs through carbon finance

How do People in Rural India Perceive Improved Stoves and Clean Fuel? Evidence from Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

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