Improved cotton yield: Can we achieve this goal by regulating the coordination of source and sink?

Qin, Aizhi; Aluko, Oluwaseun Olayemi; Liu, Zhixin; Yang, Jincheng; Hu, Mengke; Guan, Liping; Sun, Xuwu

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1136636

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The strength of crop "source" and "sink" along with the smoothness of "flow" play a decisive role in crop yield. When the physiological functions of the tissues and organs that produce and accept photosynthetic products are enhanced, crop yields increase, as has been demonstrated for crops such as maize [16], wheat [17], rice [18], potato [19], and cotton [20]. In this study, BvCPD can improve the photosynthetic performance of sugar beet leaves by increasing photosynthetic pigments and enhancing photosystem II activity, strengthening the "source" of sugar beets.…”

Section: Bvcpd Can Improve the "Source-sink-flow" Balance In Sugar Beetsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Physiological Mechanisms of BvCPD Regulation in Sugar Beet Growth

Guo,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Sugar beet is an important sugar crop, and its roots are mainly used for processing raw materials to produce products such as sugar, molasses, and saccharin, as well as being used as fodder for livestock. BvCPD, a key enzyme gene for brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis, regulates the development of parenchyma cells and vascular bundles by promoting BR synthesis, which promotes the expansion of the sugar beet taproot and influences the growth, development, and yield of sugar beets. This study investigated the impact of BvCPD on the physiological metabolism of sugar beet utilizing BvCPD overexpression, silent, and wild-type (WT) lines. BvCPD increased the chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency and improved the photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet leaves. Simultaneously, BvCPD increased the rate of sugar beet taproot respiration and ATP content by enhancing the activities of phosphoglycerate kinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose synthase catabolism. Moreover, BvCPD induced changes in the sugar fraction content, which increased the sugar yield of a single plant. In addition, BvCPD promoted water absorption, nitrogen accumulation, and lignin/cellulose synthesis activities, facilitated by increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cellulose synthase, and protein serine/threonine phosphatases, providing the requisite energy and materials for sugar beet growth. These findings not only provide a new perspective for understanding the physiological mechanisms regulating the growth of sugar beets but also provide a theoretical basis for the future improvement of sugar beet varieties through molecular breeding techniques.

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Section: Bvcpd Can Improve the "Source-sink-flow" Balance In Sugar Beetsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Physiological Mechanisms of BvCPD Regulation in Sugar Beet Growth

Guo,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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“…As the most ubiquitous phloem-transported sugar, sucrose is synthesized in source organs (mainly in photosynthetic leaves) and consumed or stored in sink organs [33]. Sucrose is transported between the source and sink organs by transporters such as SUTs and SWEETs [11,34,35]. The cotton ovule is a sink that consumes sucrose, and thus, it requires sucrose to be transported from the leaves.…”

Section: Increased Transcript Levels Of Ghacs63 and Increased Sucrose...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Gossypium hirsutum ACS6 Facilitates Fiber Development by Improving Sucrose Metabolism and Transport

Geng,

Li,

Han

et al. 2023

Plants

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Cotton fiber yield depends on the density of fiber cell initials that form on the ovule epidermis. Fiber initiation is triggered by MYB-MIXTA-like transcription factors (GhMMLs) and requires a sucrose supply. Ethylene or its precursor ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) is suggested to affect fiber yield. The Gossypium hirsutum (L.) genome contains 35 ACS genes (GhACS) encoding ACC synthases. Here, we explored the role of a GhACS family member in the regulation of fiber initiation. Expression analyses showed that the GhACS6.3 gene pair was specifically expressed in the ovules during fiber initiation (3 days before anthesis to 5 days post anthesis, −3 to 5 DPA), especially at −3 DPA, whereas other GhACS genes were expressed at very low or undetectable levels. The expression profile of GhACS6.3 during fiber initial development was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Transgenic lines overexpressing GhACS6.3 (GhACS6.3-OE) showed increased ACC accumulation in ovules, which promoted the formation of fiber initials and fiber yield components. This was accompanied by increased transcript levels of GhMML3 and increased transcript levels of genes encoding sucrose transporters and sucrose synthase. These findings imply that GhACS6.3 activation is required for fiber initial development. Our results lay the foundation for further research on increasing cotton fiber production.

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“…As the most important source, leaves on the main stem and fruiting branches play a greater role than those on the vegetative branches [3]. The photosynthetic rate of the remaining leaves significantly increases with the treatment of reducing leaves and thinning buds, and the output and distribution rates of C 14 -labeled assimilates was observed to be improved in the leaves and bolls, respectively [9]. Clearly, coordinating the relationship between source and sink could improve their synergistic efficiency and promote cotton yield; however, the dominant relationship between source and sink is still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, coordinating the relationship between source and sink could improve their synergistic efficiency and promote cotton yield; however, the dominant relationship between source and sink is still poorly understood. Effective methods used to regulate the proportion of source and sink in cotton production are still lacking [10][11][12][13][14]. In addition to bolls, a large part of nutrients produced by the source is supplied to vegetative organs such as the main stems, fruiting branches, and vegetative branches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous Brassinosteroid and Reduced Leaf Source on Source–Sink Relationships and Boll Setting in Xinjiang Cotton

Lou,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Xinjiang cotton is characterized by high-density planting, which easily leads to competition between the source and sink, the shading of leaves and reproductive organs, and yield reduction. Balancing the relationship between source and sink can promote high and stable cotton yield. In this study, field experiments were conducted by combining the exogenous application of brassinosteroid with a reduction in leaf source to study their effects on the physiological and yield attributes of cotton. The results indicate that brassinosteroid application increased the yield, with a maximum yield increase of 6.3%. The number of bolls per plant increased by 1.3 nos. The photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation were enhanced, and the proportion of reproductive organs in the dry matter increased by >4%. Under the reduced leaf source, brassinosteroid application increased the number of new leaves by 20%, delayed the shedding of reproductive organs by 5–10 days, and reduced the average shedding rate by 8.9%. Additionally, the number of bolls increased in the middle and upper parts and at the edge of the plant. The number of bolls increased by 19.4% on the 4th–8th fruiting branches and 60.7% at the edge. Under leaf reduction treatment, brassinosteroid application could generally increase yield. After brassinosteroid application and removing half the leaves of fruiting branches and all leaves of the vegetive branches, the yield was higher than that of the control. Thus, brassinosteroid application could improve the efficiency of the leaf source and promote dry matter accumulation in sinks. Moreover, it could optimize boll distribution and increase yield by reducing reproductive organ shedding. Under the high-density planting of cotton in Xinjiang, leaf source is a slight surplus, and a moderate reduction in plant density is conducive to increasing yield.

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Improved cotton yield: Can we achieve this goal by regulating the coordination of source and sink?

Cited by 9 publications

References 122 publications

Physiological Mechanisms of BvCPD Regulation in Sugar Beet Growth

Physiological Mechanisms of BvCPD Regulation in Sugar Beet Growth

Activation of Gossypium hirsutum ACS6 Facilitates Fiber Development by Improving Sucrose Metabolism and Transport

Effects of Exogenous Brassinosteroid and Reduced Leaf Source on Source–Sink Relationships and Boll Setting in Xinjiang Cotton

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